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Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving

Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) are the world’s largest living land mammals. The elephant’s digestive system can only absorb 40% of the nutrients in digested feed, and the remainder is excreted as dung. Elephant dung waste can be used as a particleboard material due to its high fiber...

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Autores principales: Hartono, Rudi, Dalimunthe, Ahmad Mubarok, Iswanto, Apri Heri, Herawati, Evalina, Sutiawan, Jajang, de Azevedo, Afonso R. G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683909
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112237
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author Hartono, Rudi
Dalimunthe, Ahmad Mubarok
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Herawati, Evalina
Sutiawan, Jajang
de Azevedo, Afonso R. G.
author_facet Hartono, Rudi
Dalimunthe, Ahmad Mubarok
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Herawati, Evalina
Sutiawan, Jajang
de Azevedo, Afonso R. G.
author_sort Hartono, Rudi
collection PubMed
description Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) are the world’s largest living land mammals. The elephant’s digestive system can only absorb 40% of the nutrients in digested feed, and the remainder is excreted as dung. Elephant dung waste can be used as a particleboard material due to its high fiber content. The objectives of this study are: (i) to prepare elephant dung waste as raw material for particleboard, (ii) to improve elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties using wood shavings, and (iii) to study the influence of several parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. The particleboard dimensions and density were set at 20 cm × 20 cm × 1 cm and 0.8 g/cm(3), respectively. The mixture ratio of elephant dung and wood shavings was 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (% w/w). This mixture ratio of particles was sprayed with 7% isocyanate adhesive. The pressing at a pressure of 30 kg/cm(2) for 5 min and 160 °C was used in this study. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were tested according to JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. The result shows that the addition of wood shaving improved the elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties. Except for moisture content and water absorption, the addition of wood shavings has a significant effect on elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties. The best ratio of elephant dung and wood-shaving for this research is 50/50 and has fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard, except for thickness swelling.
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spelling pubmed-91826652022-06-10 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving Hartono, Rudi Dalimunthe, Ahmad Mubarok Iswanto, Apri Heri Herawati, Evalina Sutiawan, Jajang de Azevedo, Afonso R. G. Polymers (Basel) Article Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) are the world’s largest living land mammals. The elephant’s digestive system can only absorb 40% of the nutrients in digested feed, and the remainder is excreted as dung. Elephant dung waste can be used as a particleboard material due to its high fiber content. The objectives of this study are: (i) to prepare elephant dung waste as raw material for particleboard, (ii) to improve elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties using wood shavings, and (iii) to study the influence of several parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. The particleboard dimensions and density were set at 20 cm × 20 cm × 1 cm and 0.8 g/cm(3), respectively. The mixture ratio of elephant dung and wood shavings was 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (% w/w). This mixture ratio of particles was sprayed with 7% isocyanate adhesive. The pressing at a pressure of 30 kg/cm(2) for 5 min and 160 °C was used in this study. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were tested according to JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. The result shows that the addition of wood shaving improved the elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties. Except for moisture content and water absorption, the addition of wood shavings has a significant effect on elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties. The best ratio of elephant dung and wood-shaving for this research is 50/50 and has fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard, except for thickness swelling. MDPI 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9182665/ /pubmed/35683909 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112237 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hartono, Rudi
Dalimunthe, Ahmad Mubarok
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Herawati, Evalina
Sutiawan, Jajang
de Azevedo, Afonso R. G.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving
title Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving
title_full Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving
title_fullStr Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving
title_short Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving
title_sort mechanical and physical properties of particleboard made from the sumatran elephant (elephas maximus sumatranus) dung and wood shaving
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683909
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112237
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