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The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites
Biodegradable Mater-Bi (MB) composites reinforced with hazelnut shell (HS) powder were prepared in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by compression molding and injection molding. The effects of reinforcement on the morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal and rheolo...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112151 |
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author | Ceraulo, Manuela La Mantia, Francesco Paolo Mistretta, Maria Chiara Titone, Vincenzo |
author_facet | Ceraulo, Manuela La Mantia, Francesco Paolo Mistretta, Maria Chiara Titone, Vincenzo |
author_sort | Ceraulo, Manuela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biodegradable Mater-Bi (MB) composites reinforced with hazelnut shell (HS) powder were prepared in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by compression molding and injection molding. The effects of reinforcement on the morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal and rheological properties of MB/HS biocomposites were studied. Rheological tests showed that the incorporation of HS significantly increased the viscosity of composites with non-Newtonian behavior at low frequencies. On the other hand, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination revealed poor interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the filler. The thermal property results indicated that HS could act as a nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties of biocomposites. Furthermore, the experimental results indicated that the addition of HS led to a significant improvement in the thermomechanical stability of the composites. This paper demonstrates that the incorporation of a low-cost waste product, such as hazelnut shells, is a practical way to produce low-cost biocomposites with good properties. With a content of HS of 10%, a remarkable improvement in the elastic modulus and impact strength was observed in both compression and injection-molded samples. With a higher content of HS, however, the processability in injection molding was strongly worsened. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9182734 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91827342022-06-10 The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites Ceraulo, Manuela La Mantia, Francesco Paolo Mistretta, Maria Chiara Titone, Vincenzo Polymers (Basel) Article Biodegradable Mater-Bi (MB) composites reinforced with hazelnut shell (HS) powder were prepared in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by compression molding and injection molding. The effects of reinforcement on the morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal and rheological properties of MB/HS biocomposites were studied. Rheological tests showed that the incorporation of HS significantly increased the viscosity of composites with non-Newtonian behavior at low frequencies. On the other hand, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination revealed poor interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the filler. The thermal property results indicated that HS could act as a nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties of biocomposites. Furthermore, the experimental results indicated that the addition of HS led to a significant improvement in the thermomechanical stability of the composites. This paper demonstrates that the incorporation of a low-cost waste product, such as hazelnut shells, is a practical way to produce low-cost biocomposites with good properties. With a content of HS of 10%, a remarkable improvement in the elastic modulus and impact strength was observed in both compression and injection-molded samples. With a higher content of HS, however, the processability in injection molding was strongly worsened. MDPI 2022-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9182734/ /pubmed/35683824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112151 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ceraulo, Manuela La Mantia, Francesco Paolo Mistretta, Maria Chiara Titone, Vincenzo The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites |
title | The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites |
title_full | The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites |
title_fullStr | The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites |
title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites |
title_short | The Use of Waste Hazelnut Shells as a Reinforcement in the Development of Green Biocomposites |
title_sort | use of waste hazelnut shells as a reinforcement in the development of green biocomposites |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112151 |
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