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Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the model crop, Brachypodium distachyon, allow freeze survival and attenuate pathogen-mediated ice nucleation. Intriguingly, Brachypodium AFP genes encode two proteins, an autonomous AFP and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). We present structural models which indicate that...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111475 |
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author | Juurakko, Collin L. diCenzo, George C. Walker, Virginia K. |
author_facet | Juurakko, Collin L. diCenzo, George C. Walker, Virginia K. |
author_sort | Juurakko, Collin L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the model crop, Brachypodium distachyon, allow freeze survival and attenuate pathogen-mediated ice nucleation. Intriguingly, Brachypodium AFP genes encode two proteins, an autonomous AFP and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). We present structural models which indicate that ice-binding motifs on the ~13 kDa AFPs can “spoil” nucleating arrays on the ~120 kDa bacterial ice nucleating proteins used to form ice at high sub-zero temperatures. These models are consistent with the experimentally demonstrated decreases in ice nucleating activity by lysates from wildtype compared to transgenic Brachypodium lines. Additionally, the expression of Brachypodium LRRs in transgenic Arabidopsis inhibited an immune response to pathogen flagella peptides (flg22). Structural models suggested that this was due to the affinity of the LRR domains to flg22. Overall, it is remarkable that the Brachypodium genes play multiple distinctive roles in connecting freeze survival and anti-pathogenic systems via their encoded proteins’ ability to adsorb to ice as well as to attenuate bacterial ice nucleation and the host immune response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9182837 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91828372022-06-10 Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response Juurakko, Collin L. diCenzo, George C. Walker, Virginia K. Plants (Basel) Article Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the model crop, Brachypodium distachyon, allow freeze survival and attenuate pathogen-mediated ice nucleation. Intriguingly, Brachypodium AFP genes encode two proteins, an autonomous AFP and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). We present structural models which indicate that ice-binding motifs on the ~13 kDa AFPs can “spoil” nucleating arrays on the ~120 kDa bacterial ice nucleating proteins used to form ice at high sub-zero temperatures. These models are consistent with the experimentally demonstrated decreases in ice nucleating activity by lysates from wildtype compared to transgenic Brachypodium lines. Additionally, the expression of Brachypodium LRRs in transgenic Arabidopsis inhibited an immune response to pathogen flagella peptides (flg22). Structural models suggested that this was due to the affinity of the LRR domains to flg22. Overall, it is remarkable that the Brachypodium genes play multiple distinctive roles in connecting freeze survival and anti-pathogenic systems via their encoded proteins’ ability to adsorb to ice as well as to attenuate bacterial ice nucleation and the host immune response. MDPI 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9182837/ /pubmed/35684248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111475 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Juurakko, Collin L. diCenzo, George C. Walker, Virginia K. Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response |
title | Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response |
title_full | Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response |
title_fullStr | Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response |
title_full_unstemmed | Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response |
title_short | Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response |
title_sort | brachypodium antifreeze protein gene products inhibit ice recrystallisation, attenuate ice nucleation, and reduce immune response |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111475 |
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