Cargando…

Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the model crop, Brachypodium distachyon, allow freeze survival and attenuate pathogen-mediated ice nucleation. Intriguingly, Brachypodium AFP genes encode two proteins, an autonomous AFP and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). We present structural models which indicate that...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Juurakko, Collin L., diCenzo, George C., Walker, Virginia K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111475
_version_ 1784724136673673216
author Juurakko, Collin L.
diCenzo, George C.
Walker, Virginia K.
author_facet Juurakko, Collin L.
diCenzo, George C.
Walker, Virginia K.
author_sort Juurakko, Collin L.
collection PubMed
description Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the model crop, Brachypodium distachyon, allow freeze survival and attenuate pathogen-mediated ice nucleation. Intriguingly, Brachypodium AFP genes encode two proteins, an autonomous AFP and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). We present structural models which indicate that ice-binding motifs on the ~13 kDa AFPs can “spoil” nucleating arrays on the ~120 kDa bacterial ice nucleating proteins used to form ice at high sub-zero temperatures. These models are consistent with the experimentally demonstrated decreases in ice nucleating activity by lysates from wildtype compared to transgenic Brachypodium lines. Additionally, the expression of Brachypodium LRRs in transgenic Arabidopsis inhibited an immune response to pathogen flagella peptides (flg22). Structural models suggested that this was due to the affinity of the LRR domains to flg22. Overall, it is remarkable that the Brachypodium genes play multiple distinctive roles in connecting freeze survival and anti-pathogenic systems via their encoded proteins’ ability to adsorb to ice as well as to attenuate bacterial ice nucleation and the host immune response.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9182837
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-91828372022-06-10 Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response Juurakko, Collin L. diCenzo, George C. Walker, Virginia K. Plants (Basel) Article Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the model crop, Brachypodium distachyon, allow freeze survival and attenuate pathogen-mediated ice nucleation. Intriguingly, Brachypodium AFP genes encode two proteins, an autonomous AFP and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). We present structural models which indicate that ice-binding motifs on the ~13 kDa AFPs can “spoil” nucleating arrays on the ~120 kDa bacterial ice nucleating proteins used to form ice at high sub-zero temperatures. These models are consistent with the experimentally demonstrated decreases in ice nucleating activity by lysates from wildtype compared to transgenic Brachypodium lines. Additionally, the expression of Brachypodium LRRs in transgenic Arabidopsis inhibited an immune response to pathogen flagella peptides (flg22). Structural models suggested that this was due to the affinity of the LRR domains to flg22. Overall, it is remarkable that the Brachypodium genes play multiple distinctive roles in connecting freeze survival and anti-pathogenic systems via their encoded proteins’ ability to adsorb to ice as well as to attenuate bacterial ice nucleation and the host immune response. MDPI 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9182837/ /pubmed/35684248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111475 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Juurakko, Collin L.
diCenzo, George C.
Walker, Virginia K.
Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response
title Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response
title_full Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response
title_fullStr Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response
title_full_unstemmed Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response
title_short Brachypodium Antifreeze Protein Gene Products Inhibit Ice Recrystallisation, Attenuate Ice Nucleation, and Reduce Immune Response
title_sort brachypodium antifreeze protein gene products inhibit ice recrystallisation, attenuate ice nucleation, and reduce immune response
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111475
work_keys_str_mv AT juurakkocollinl brachypodiumantifreezeproteingeneproductsinhibiticerecrystallisationattenuateicenucleationandreduceimmuneresponse
AT dicenzogeorgec brachypodiumantifreezeproteingeneproductsinhibiticerecrystallisationattenuateicenucleationandreduceimmuneresponse
AT walkervirginiak brachypodiumantifreezeproteingeneproductsinhibiticerecrystallisationattenuateicenucleationandreduceimmuneresponse