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Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane

The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) opens up a lot of opportunities but also brings some threats. Dealing with these threats is not easy and requires some good techniques. Knowing the location of the threat is essential to deal with an UAV that is displaying disturbing behavior. Many...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Itare, Nathan, Thomas, Jean-Hugh, Raoof, Kosai, Blanchard, Torea
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182957/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114021
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author Itare, Nathan
Thomas, Jean-Hugh
Raoof, Kosai
Blanchard, Torea
author_facet Itare, Nathan
Thomas, Jean-Hugh
Raoof, Kosai
Blanchard, Torea
author_sort Itare, Nathan
collection PubMed
description The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) opens up a lot of opportunities but also brings some threats. Dealing with these threats is not easy and requires some good techniques. Knowing the location of the threat is essential to deal with an UAV that is displaying disturbing behavior. Many methods exist but can be very limited due to the size of UAVs or due to technological improvements over the years. However, the noise produced by the UAVs is still predominant, so it gives a good opening for the development of acoustic methods. The method presented here takes advantage of a microphone array with a processing based on time domain Delay and Sum Beamforming. In order to obtain a better signal to noise ratio, the UAV’s acoustic signature is taken into account in the processing by using a time-frequency representation of the beamformer’s output. Then, only the content related to this signature is considered to calculate the energy in one direction. This method enables to have a good robustness to noise and to localize an UAV with a poor spectral content or to separate two UAVs with different spectral contents. Simulation results and those of a real flight experiment are reported.
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spelling pubmed-91829572022-06-10 Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane Itare, Nathan Thomas, Jean-Hugh Raoof, Kosai Blanchard, Torea Sensors (Basel) Article The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) opens up a lot of opportunities but also brings some threats. Dealing with these threats is not easy and requires some good techniques. Knowing the location of the threat is essential to deal with an UAV that is displaying disturbing behavior. Many methods exist but can be very limited due to the size of UAVs or due to technological improvements over the years. However, the noise produced by the UAVs is still predominant, so it gives a good opening for the development of acoustic methods. The method presented here takes advantage of a microphone array with a processing based on time domain Delay and Sum Beamforming. In order to obtain a better signal to noise ratio, the UAV’s acoustic signature is taken into account in the processing by using a time-frequency representation of the beamformer’s output. Then, only the content related to this signature is considered to calculate the energy in one direction. This method enables to have a good robustness to noise and to localize an UAV with a poor spectral content or to separate two UAVs with different spectral contents. Simulation results and those of a real flight experiment are reported. MDPI 2022-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9182957/ /pubmed/35684642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114021 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Itare, Nathan
Thomas, Jean-Hugh
Raoof, Kosai
Blanchard, Torea
Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane
title Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane
title_full Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane
title_fullStr Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane
title_full_unstemmed Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane
title_short Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane
title_sort acoustic estimation of the direction of arrival of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on frequency tracking in the time-frequency plane
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182957/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114021
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