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The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides
For delayed crosslinking of waterborne epoxy varnishes, dicyandiamide (DICY) is often used as a latent curing agent. While, for amine-based curing agents such as diaminoethane (DAE), chemical interactions with metal oxides are well described, so far, no studies have been performed for DICY and water...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9183060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112226 |
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author | Säckl, Gary Duchoslav, Jiri Pugstaller, Robert Marchfelder, Cornelia Haselgrübler, Klaus Aufray, Maëlenn Stifter, David Wallner, Gernot M. |
author_facet | Säckl, Gary Duchoslav, Jiri Pugstaller, Robert Marchfelder, Cornelia Haselgrübler, Klaus Aufray, Maëlenn Stifter, David Wallner, Gernot M. |
author_sort | Säckl, Gary |
collection | PubMed |
description | For delayed crosslinking of waterborne epoxy varnishes, dicyandiamide (DICY) is often used as a latent curing agent. While, for amine-based curing agents such as diaminoethane (DAE), chemical interactions with metal oxides are well described, so far, no studies have been performed for DICY and waterborne epoxy varnishes. Hence, in this work X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate reactions of DICY and varnishes with technical surfaces of Al, Zn, and Sn. To directly study the reaction of DICY with metal oxides, immersion tests in a boiling solution of DICY in pure water were performed. A clear indication of the formation of metal–organic complexes was deduced from the change in the N1s peak of DICY. To understand the interfacial interaction and consequently the interphase formation during coating of waterborne epoxy varnishes, advanced cryo ultra-low-angle microtomy (cryo-ULAM) was implemented. Interestingly, a comparable reaction mechanism and the formation of metal complexes were confirmed for varnishes. The coatings exhibited a pronounced enrichment of the DICY hardener at the metal oxide–polymer interface. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9183060 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91830602022-06-10 The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides Säckl, Gary Duchoslav, Jiri Pugstaller, Robert Marchfelder, Cornelia Haselgrübler, Klaus Aufray, Maëlenn Stifter, David Wallner, Gernot M. Polymers (Basel) Article For delayed crosslinking of waterborne epoxy varnishes, dicyandiamide (DICY) is often used as a latent curing agent. While, for amine-based curing agents such as diaminoethane (DAE), chemical interactions with metal oxides are well described, so far, no studies have been performed for DICY and waterborne epoxy varnishes. Hence, in this work X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate reactions of DICY and varnishes with technical surfaces of Al, Zn, and Sn. To directly study the reaction of DICY with metal oxides, immersion tests in a boiling solution of DICY in pure water were performed. A clear indication of the formation of metal–organic complexes was deduced from the change in the N1s peak of DICY. To understand the interfacial interaction and consequently the interphase formation during coating of waterborne epoxy varnishes, advanced cryo ultra-low-angle microtomy (cryo-ULAM) was implemented. Interestingly, a comparable reaction mechanism and the formation of metal complexes were confirmed for varnishes. The coatings exhibited a pronounced enrichment of the DICY hardener at the metal oxide–polymer interface. MDPI 2022-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9183060/ /pubmed/35683899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112226 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Säckl, Gary Duchoslav, Jiri Pugstaller, Robert Marchfelder, Cornelia Haselgrübler, Klaus Aufray, Maëlenn Stifter, David Wallner, Gernot M. The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides |
title | The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides |
title_full | The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides |
title_fullStr | The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides |
title_full_unstemmed | The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides |
title_short | The Interaction of Waterborne Epoxy/Dicyandiamide Varnishes with Metal Oxides |
title_sort | interaction of waterborne epoxy/dicyandiamide varnishes with metal oxides |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9183060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35683899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112226 |
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