Future of Low-Dose Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Axial Spondyloarthritis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent technical advances in computed tomography (CT) such as low-dose CT and dual-energy techniques open new applications for this imaging modality in clinical practice and for research purposes. This article will discuss the latest innovations and give a perspective on future developments. RECENT FINDINGS: Low-dose CT has increasingly been used for assessing structural changes at the sacroiliac joints and the spine. It has developed into a method with similar or even lower radiation exposure than radiography while outperforming radiography for lesion detection. Despite being incompatible with low-dose scanning, some studies have shown that dual-energy CT can provide additional information that is otherwise only assessable with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is unclear whether this additional information is reliable enough and if it would justify the additional radiation exposure, i.e. whether the performance of dual-energy CT is close enough to MRI to replace it in clinical practice. SUMMARY: While the role of dual-energy CT in patients with axial spondyloarthritis remains to be established, low-dose CT has developed to an appropriate modality that should replace radiography in many circumstances and might supplement MRI.