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Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and Predictions
The retina was historically considered as an “approachable part of the brain”; advantageous, for its simplicity, to use as a model organ for deciphering cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, the most relevant discoveries arise precisely...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9184998/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35673270 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914221106903 |
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author | Lamas, Monica Martinez-Colin, Erick J. |
author_facet | Lamas, Monica Martinez-Colin, Erick J. |
author_sort | Lamas, Monica |
collection | PubMed |
description | The retina was historically considered as an “approachable part of the brain”; advantageous, for its simplicity, to use as a model organ for deciphering cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, the most relevant discoveries arise precisely from unveiling the complexity of the retina. A complexity that partially relies on the layered organization of an extended variety of specialized neuronal and glial cellular types and subtypes. Based on functional, morphological or transcriptome data, over 40 subtypes of retinal ganglion cells or 60 subtypes of retinal amacrine cells have been described. A high degree of specialization, that may lead to segregation into functionally diverse subtypes, is also conceivable for Müller cells, a pleiotropic glial component of all vertebrate retinas. The essential role of Müller glia in retinal homeostasis maintenance involves participation in structural, metabolic and intercellular communication processes. Additionally, they are the only retinal cells that possess regenerative potential in response to injury or disease, and thus may be considered as therapeutic tools. In the assumption that functional heterogeneity might be driven by molecular heterogeneity this review aims to compile emerging evidence that could broaden our understanding of Müller cell biology and retinal physiology. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Müller glial cells exert multiple essential functions in retinal physiology and retinopathies reflecting perhaps the existence of distinct Müller cellular subpopulations. Harnessing Müller cell heterogeneity may serve to enhance new therapeutic approaches for retinal disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9184998 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91849982022-06-11 Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and Predictions Lamas, Monica Martinez-Colin, Erick J. ASN Neuro Review The retina was historically considered as an “approachable part of the brain”; advantageous, for its simplicity, to use as a model organ for deciphering cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, the most relevant discoveries arise precisely from unveiling the complexity of the retina. A complexity that partially relies on the layered organization of an extended variety of specialized neuronal and glial cellular types and subtypes. Based on functional, morphological or transcriptome data, over 40 subtypes of retinal ganglion cells or 60 subtypes of retinal amacrine cells have been described. A high degree of specialization, that may lead to segregation into functionally diverse subtypes, is also conceivable for Müller cells, a pleiotropic glial component of all vertebrate retinas. The essential role of Müller glia in retinal homeostasis maintenance involves participation in structural, metabolic and intercellular communication processes. Additionally, they are the only retinal cells that possess regenerative potential in response to injury or disease, and thus may be considered as therapeutic tools. In the assumption that functional heterogeneity might be driven by molecular heterogeneity this review aims to compile emerging evidence that could broaden our understanding of Müller cell biology and retinal physiology. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Müller glial cells exert multiple essential functions in retinal physiology and retinopathies reflecting perhaps the existence of distinct Müller cellular subpopulations. Harnessing Müller cell heterogeneity may serve to enhance new therapeutic approaches for retinal disease. SAGE Publications 2022-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9184998/ /pubmed/35673270 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914221106903 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Review Lamas, Monica Martinez-Colin, Erick J. Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and Predictions |
title | Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and
Predictions |
title_full | Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and
Predictions |
title_fullStr | Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and
Predictions |
title_full_unstemmed | Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and
Predictions |
title_short | Müller Cell Molecular Heterogeneity: Facts and
Predictions |
title_sort | müller cell molecular heterogeneity: facts and
predictions |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9184998/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35673270 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914221106903 |
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