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Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing
Observations from Raman backscatter-based Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) require reference sections of the fiber-optic cable sensor of known temperature to translate the primary measured intensities of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons to the secondary desired temperature signal, which also com...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9185554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684865 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114244 |
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author | Thomas, Christoph K. Huss, Jannis-Michael Abdoli, Mohammad Huttarsch, Tim Schneider, Johann |
author_facet | Thomas, Christoph K. Huss, Jannis-Michael Abdoli, Mohammad Huttarsch, Tim Schneider, Johann |
author_sort | Thomas, Christoph K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Observations from Raman backscatter-based Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) require reference sections of the fiber-optic cable sensor of known temperature to translate the primary measured intensities of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons to the secondary desired temperature signal, which also commonly forms the basis for other derived quantities. Here, we present the design and the results from laboratory and field evaluations of a novel Solid-Phase Bath (SoPhaB) using ultrafine copper instead of the traditional mechanically stirred liquid-phase water bath. This novel type is suitable for all FODS applications in geosciences and industry when high accuracy and precision are needed. The SoPhaB fully encloses the fiber-optic cable which is coiled around the inner core and surrounded by tightly interlocking parts with a total weight of 22 kg. The SoPhaB is thermoelectrically heated and/or cooled using Peltier elements to control the copper body temperature within ±0.04 K using commercially available electronic components. It features two built-in reference platinum wire thermometers which can be connected to the distributed temperature sensing instrument and/or external measurement and logging devices. The SoPhaB is enclosed in an insulated carrying case, which limits the heat loss to or gains from the outside environment and allows for mobile applications. For thermally stationary outside conditions the measured spatial temperature differences across SoPhaB parts touching the fiber-optic cable are <0.05 K even for stark contrasting temperatures of [Formula: see text] 40 K between the SoPhaB’s setpoint and outside conditions. The uniform, stationary known temperature of the SoPhaB allows for substantially shorter sections of the fiber-optic cable sensors of less than <5 bins at spatial measurement resolution to achieve an even much reduced calibration bias and spatiotemporal uncertainty compared to traditional water baths. Field evaluations include deployments in contrasting environments including the Arctic polar night as well as peak summertime conditions to showcase the wide range of the SoPhaB’s applicability. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9185554 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91855542022-06-11 Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing Thomas, Christoph K. Huss, Jannis-Michael Abdoli, Mohammad Huttarsch, Tim Schneider, Johann Sensors (Basel) Article Observations from Raman backscatter-based Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) require reference sections of the fiber-optic cable sensor of known temperature to translate the primary measured intensities of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons to the secondary desired temperature signal, which also commonly forms the basis for other derived quantities. Here, we present the design and the results from laboratory and field evaluations of a novel Solid-Phase Bath (SoPhaB) using ultrafine copper instead of the traditional mechanically stirred liquid-phase water bath. This novel type is suitable for all FODS applications in geosciences and industry when high accuracy and precision are needed. The SoPhaB fully encloses the fiber-optic cable which is coiled around the inner core and surrounded by tightly interlocking parts with a total weight of 22 kg. The SoPhaB is thermoelectrically heated and/or cooled using Peltier elements to control the copper body temperature within ±0.04 K using commercially available electronic components. It features two built-in reference platinum wire thermometers which can be connected to the distributed temperature sensing instrument and/or external measurement and logging devices. The SoPhaB is enclosed in an insulated carrying case, which limits the heat loss to or gains from the outside environment and allows for mobile applications. For thermally stationary outside conditions the measured spatial temperature differences across SoPhaB parts touching the fiber-optic cable are <0.05 K even for stark contrasting temperatures of [Formula: see text] 40 K between the SoPhaB’s setpoint and outside conditions. The uniform, stationary known temperature of the SoPhaB allows for substantially shorter sections of the fiber-optic cable sensors of less than <5 bins at spatial measurement resolution to achieve an even much reduced calibration bias and spatiotemporal uncertainty compared to traditional water baths. Field evaluations include deployments in contrasting environments including the Arctic polar night as well as peak summertime conditions to showcase the wide range of the SoPhaB’s applicability. MDPI 2022-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9185554/ /pubmed/35684865 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114244 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Thomas, Christoph K. Huss, Jannis-Michael Abdoli, Mohammad Huttarsch, Tim Schneider, Johann Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing |
title | Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing |
title_full | Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing |
title_fullStr | Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing |
title_full_unstemmed | Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing |
title_short | Solid-Phase Reference Baths for Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing |
title_sort | solid-phase reference baths for fiber-optic distributed sensing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9185554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35684865 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114244 |
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