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Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury

Peripheral nerve injury has a high incidence and often leads to severe losses of sensory and motor functions in the afflicted limb. Autologous nerve grafts are widely accepted as the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair, but the presence of inherent drawbacks dramatically reduces their usabilit...

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Autores principales: Yu, Tianhao, Xu, Yingxi, Ahmad, Muhammad Arslan, Javed, Rabia, Hagiwara, Haruo, Tian, Xiaohong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9185764/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33535957
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210203161559
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author Yu, Tianhao
Xu, Yingxi
Ahmad, Muhammad Arslan
Javed, Rabia
Hagiwara, Haruo
Tian, Xiaohong
author_facet Yu, Tianhao
Xu, Yingxi
Ahmad, Muhammad Arslan
Javed, Rabia
Hagiwara, Haruo
Tian, Xiaohong
author_sort Yu, Tianhao
collection PubMed
description Peripheral nerve injury has a high incidence and often leads to severe losses of sensory and motor functions in the afflicted limb. Autologous nerve grafts are widely accepted as the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair, but the presence of inherent drawbacks dramatically reduces their usability. Numerous tissue engineering nerve grafts are developed as alternatives to autologous nerve grafts, and a variety of cells and neurotrophic factors are introduced into these grafts for improvement. However, they are still difficult to obtain satisfactory clinical results. Peripheral nerve regeneration following injury remains a significant challenge for researchers and clinicians. Exosomes are extracellular membranous nanovesicles that are secreted by most cells. As the key players of intercellular communication, exosomes play a fundamental role in the physiological and pathological processes of the nervous system. Accumulating evidence has suggested that exosomes can exert neurotherapeutic effects via mediating axonal regrowth, Schwann cell activation, vascular regeneration, and inflammatory regulation. Exosomes are emerging as a promising approach for treating peripheral nerve injury. Furthermore, they also provide possibilities for enhancing the repairing capacity of various nerve grafts. This review primarily highlights the regenerative effects of exosomes on peripheral nerve injury. The exosomes from distinct sources reported so far in the literature are summarized to understand their roles in the process of nerve repair. Moreover, the challenges that must be addressed in their clinical transformation are outlined as well. This review also provides further insight into the potential application of exosomes for peripheral nerve repair.
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spelling pubmed-91857642022-06-28 Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury Yu, Tianhao Xu, Yingxi Ahmad, Muhammad Arslan Javed, Rabia Hagiwara, Haruo Tian, Xiaohong Curr Neuropharmacol Article Peripheral nerve injury has a high incidence and often leads to severe losses of sensory and motor functions in the afflicted limb. Autologous nerve grafts are widely accepted as the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair, but the presence of inherent drawbacks dramatically reduces their usability. Numerous tissue engineering nerve grafts are developed as alternatives to autologous nerve grafts, and a variety of cells and neurotrophic factors are introduced into these grafts for improvement. However, they are still difficult to obtain satisfactory clinical results. Peripheral nerve regeneration following injury remains a significant challenge for researchers and clinicians. Exosomes are extracellular membranous nanovesicles that are secreted by most cells. As the key players of intercellular communication, exosomes play a fundamental role in the physiological and pathological processes of the nervous system. Accumulating evidence has suggested that exosomes can exert neurotherapeutic effects via mediating axonal regrowth, Schwann cell activation, vascular regeneration, and inflammatory regulation. Exosomes are emerging as a promising approach for treating peripheral nerve injury. Furthermore, they also provide possibilities for enhancing the repairing capacity of various nerve grafts. This review primarily highlights the regenerative effects of exosomes on peripheral nerve injury. The exosomes from distinct sources reported so far in the literature are summarized to understand their roles in the process of nerve repair. Moreover, the challenges that must be addressed in their clinical transformation are outlined as well. This review also provides further insight into the potential application of exosomes for peripheral nerve repair. Bentham Science Publishers 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9185764/ /pubmed/33535957 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210203161559 Text en © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Article
Yu, Tianhao
Xu, Yingxi
Ahmad, Muhammad Arslan
Javed, Rabia
Hagiwara, Haruo
Tian, Xiaohong
Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury
title Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury
title_full Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury
title_fullStr Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury
title_short Exosomes as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Peripheral Nerve Injury
title_sort exosomes as a promising therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9185764/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33535957
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210203161559
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