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Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy

Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy. However, the majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED), now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as the first line of defense to suppress their seizures and regain the...

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Autores principales: Akyüz, Enes, Köklü, Betül, Ozenen, Cansu, Arulsamy, Alina, Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9185788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34525933
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210826125341
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author Akyüz, Enes
Köklü, Betül
Ozenen, Cansu
Arulsamy, Alina
Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq
author_facet Akyüz, Enes
Köklü, Betül
Ozenen, Cansu
Arulsamy, Alina
Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq
author_sort Akyüz, Enes
collection PubMed
description Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy. However, the majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED), now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as the first line of defense to suppress their seizures and regain their quality of life. ASDs exert their anti-convulsant effects through various mechanisms of action, including regulation of ion channels, blocking glutamate-mediated stimulating neurotransmitter interaction, and enhancing the inhibitory GABA transmission. About one-third of epileptic patients are often resistant to anti-convulsant drugs, while others develop numerous side effects, which may lead to treatment discontinuation and further deterioration of quality of life. Common side effects of ASDs include headache, nausea and dizziness. However, more adverse effects, such as auditory and visual problems, skin problems, liver dysfunction, pancreatitis and kidney disorders may also be witnessed. Some ASDs may even result in life-threatening conditions as well as serious abnormalities, especially in patients with comorbidities and in pregnant women. Nevertheless, some clinicians had observed a reduction in the development of side effects post individualized ASD treatment. This suggests that a careful and well-informed ASD recommendation to patients may be crucial for an effective and side-effect-free control of their seizures. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the anticonvulsant effects of ASDs as well as their side effect profile by discussing their mechanism of action and reported adverse effects based on clinical and preclinical studies, thereby providing clinicians with a greater understanding of the safety of current ASDs.
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spelling pubmed-91857882022-06-27 Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy Akyüz, Enes Köklü, Betül Ozenen, Cansu Arulsamy, Alina Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq Curr Neuropharmacol Article Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy. However, the majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED), now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as the first line of defense to suppress their seizures and regain their quality of life. ASDs exert their anti-convulsant effects through various mechanisms of action, including regulation of ion channels, blocking glutamate-mediated stimulating neurotransmitter interaction, and enhancing the inhibitory GABA transmission. About one-third of epileptic patients are often resistant to anti-convulsant drugs, while others develop numerous side effects, which may lead to treatment discontinuation and further deterioration of quality of life. Common side effects of ASDs include headache, nausea and dizziness. However, more adverse effects, such as auditory and visual problems, skin problems, liver dysfunction, pancreatitis and kidney disorders may also be witnessed. Some ASDs may even result in life-threatening conditions as well as serious abnormalities, especially in patients with comorbidities and in pregnant women. Nevertheless, some clinicians had observed a reduction in the development of side effects post individualized ASD treatment. This suggests that a careful and well-informed ASD recommendation to patients may be crucial for an effective and side-effect-free control of their seizures. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the anticonvulsant effects of ASDs as well as their side effect profile by discussing their mechanism of action and reported adverse effects based on clinical and preclinical studies, thereby providing clinicians with a greater understanding of the safety of current ASDs. Bentham Science Publishers 2021-11-15 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9185788/ /pubmed/34525933 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210826125341 Text en © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Article
Akyüz, Enes
Köklü, Betül
Ozenen, Cansu
Arulsamy, Alina
Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq
Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy
title Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy
title_full Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy
title_fullStr Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy
title_full_unstemmed Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy
title_short Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy
title_sort elucidating the potential side effects of current anti-seizure drugs for epilepsy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9185788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34525933
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666210826125341
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