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Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor

Glioblastoma is classified as an immunocompromised tumor. The immune pattern beneath the cold tumor surface, however, has yet to be confirmed. Understanding the immune pattern of glioblastoma will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies. We performed weighted gene co-expression netw...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Xiong, Wu, Li, Cong, Kong, Guang, Wan, Bowen, Wang, Siming, Fan, Jin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Impact Journals 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9186767/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609054
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.204067
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author Xiong, Wu
Li, Cong
Kong, Guang
Wan, Bowen
Wang, Siming
Fan, Jin
author_facet Xiong, Wu
Li, Cong
Kong, Guang
Wan, Bowen
Wang, Siming
Fan, Jin
author_sort Xiong, Wu
collection PubMed
description Glioblastoma is classified as an immunocompromised tumor. The immune pattern beneath the cold tumor surface, however, has yet to be confirmed. Understanding the immune pattern of glioblastoma will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis on all immune-related genes in TCGA-GBM transcriptional data and screened 35 prognosis-related immune genes. Unsupervised consistent clustering of these genes was used to analyze the immunological pattern of GBM. A glioblastoma immune prognostic score was developed by using 13 genes discovered by cox regression methods and verified with the GEO dataset to assess the immune profile, prognosis, and immunotherapy effects in individual patients. Glioblastoma has two immune modalities, immune tolerance and immunodeficiency, with distinct immune microenvironments, tumor-associated macrophages being one of the most promising new therapeutic targets. GIPS is a promising biomarker for assessing immune evasion mechanisms, immunotherapy responses, and prognosis in patients.
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spelling pubmed-91867672022-06-14 Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor Xiong, Wu Li, Cong Kong, Guang Wan, Bowen Wang, Siming Fan, Jin Aging (Albany NY) Research Paper Glioblastoma is classified as an immunocompromised tumor. The immune pattern beneath the cold tumor surface, however, has yet to be confirmed. Understanding the immune pattern of glioblastoma will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis on all immune-related genes in TCGA-GBM transcriptional data and screened 35 prognosis-related immune genes. Unsupervised consistent clustering of these genes was used to analyze the immunological pattern of GBM. A glioblastoma immune prognostic score was developed by using 13 genes discovered by cox regression methods and verified with the GEO dataset to assess the immune profile, prognosis, and immunotherapy effects in individual patients. Glioblastoma has two immune modalities, immune tolerance and immunodeficiency, with distinct immune microenvironments, tumor-associated macrophages being one of the most promising new therapeutic targets. GIPS is a promising biomarker for assessing immune evasion mechanisms, immunotherapy responses, and prognosis in patients. Impact Journals 2022-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9186767/ /pubmed/35609054 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.204067 Text en Copyright: © 2022 Xiong et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Xiong, Wu
Li, Cong
Kong, Guang
Wan, Bowen
Wang, Siming
Fan, Jin
Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
title Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
title_full Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
title_fullStr Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
title_full_unstemmed Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
title_short Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
title_sort glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9186767/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609054
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.204067
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