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Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor
Glioblastoma is classified as an immunocompromised tumor. The immune pattern beneath the cold tumor surface, however, has yet to be confirmed. Understanding the immune pattern of glioblastoma will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies. We performed weighted gene co-expression netw...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Impact Journals
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9186767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609054 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.204067 |
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author | Xiong, Wu Li, Cong Kong, Guang Wan, Bowen Wang, Siming Fan, Jin |
author_facet | Xiong, Wu Li, Cong Kong, Guang Wan, Bowen Wang, Siming Fan, Jin |
author_sort | Xiong, Wu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glioblastoma is classified as an immunocompromised tumor. The immune pattern beneath the cold tumor surface, however, has yet to be confirmed. Understanding the immune pattern of glioblastoma will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis on all immune-related genes in TCGA-GBM transcriptional data and screened 35 prognosis-related immune genes. Unsupervised consistent clustering of these genes was used to analyze the immunological pattern of GBM. A glioblastoma immune prognostic score was developed by using 13 genes discovered by cox regression methods and verified with the GEO dataset to assess the immune profile, prognosis, and immunotherapy effects in individual patients. Glioblastoma has two immune modalities, immune tolerance and immunodeficiency, with distinct immune microenvironments, tumor-associated macrophages being one of the most promising new therapeutic targets. GIPS is a promising biomarker for assessing immune evasion mechanisms, immunotherapy responses, and prognosis in patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9186767 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Impact Journals |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91867672022-06-14 Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor Xiong, Wu Li, Cong Kong, Guang Wan, Bowen Wang, Siming Fan, Jin Aging (Albany NY) Research Paper Glioblastoma is classified as an immunocompromised tumor. The immune pattern beneath the cold tumor surface, however, has yet to be confirmed. Understanding the immune pattern of glioblastoma will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis on all immune-related genes in TCGA-GBM transcriptional data and screened 35 prognosis-related immune genes. Unsupervised consistent clustering of these genes was used to analyze the immunological pattern of GBM. A glioblastoma immune prognostic score was developed by using 13 genes discovered by cox regression methods and verified with the GEO dataset to assess the immune profile, prognosis, and immunotherapy effects in individual patients. Glioblastoma has two immune modalities, immune tolerance and immunodeficiency, with distinct immune microenvironments, tumor-associated macrophages being one of the most promising new therapeutic targets. GIPS is a promising biomarker for assessing immune evasion mechanisms, immunotherapy responses, and prognosis in patients. Impact Journals 2022-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9186767/ /pubmed/35609054 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.204067 Text en Copyright: © 2022 Xiong et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Xiong, Wu Li, Cong Kong, Guang Wan, Bowen Wang, Siming Fan, Jin Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor |
title | Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor |
title_full | Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor |
title_fullStr | Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor |
title_full_unstemmed | Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor |
title_short | Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor |
title_sort | glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9186767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609054 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.204067 |
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