Brachial Plexus Injury and Musculocutaneous Nerve Palsy During Prone Positioning in a Patient With COVID-19

Prone positioning is crucial in the respiratory management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and reduces mortality. However, this may be complicated by compression-related peripheral nerve injury. We report the case of a male in his 80s with obesity admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed brachial plexus disorder in the right upper extremity and musculocutaneous neuropathy in the left. The patient’s cough, dyspnea, and fatigue did not improve; therefore, he was intubated and placed in the prone position for one week. The patient complained of bilateral upper limb weakness on regaining consciousness. We diagnosed left musculocutaneous nerve palsy and right brachial plexus palsy based on physical findings and needle electromyography (EMG). Physical therapy was initiated, including joint range-of-motion exercises focused on preventing contractures in the extremities and active assistive exercises. Motor impairment improved, and the patient was discharged from the rehabilitation center.