Anesthetic Stability of Propofol, Dexmedetomidine, and Isoflurane by Measuring Bispectral Index (BIS) and Hemodynamic Indices: A Comparative Study

Background Hemodynamic changes and anesthetic awareness occurring during surgery under general anesthesia is a great concern for both surgeon and anesthesiologist. Maintenance of the adequate depth of anesthesia throughout the intraoperative period is important in maintaining hemodynamic stability, preventing intraoperative awareness, and avoiding postoperative recall. Aim This study aims to predict the anesthetic stability of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and isoflurane by measuring bispectral index (BIS) and hemodynamic indices. Materials and methods This is a prospective comparative study. Sixty patients of either sex, aged 18-60 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status classification I and II, undergoing elective surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia were allocated into three groups of 20 each. Patients in each group were administered standard general anesthesia with routine hemodynamic monitoring along with BIS, and values were recorded at baseline and thereafter at every five-minute interval for the duration of surgery. Anesthesia was maintained in Group P using a bolus dose of propofol 1 milligram.kg(-1) for 10 minutes followed by propofol infusion 50-75 microgram.kg(-1).minute(-1), Group D with a bolus dose of dexmedetomidine 1 microgram.kg(-1) for 10 minutes followed by infusion 0.2-0.7 microgram.kg(-1).hour(-1), and Group I with isoflurane at 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for 10 minutes and then maintained between 0.5 MAC and 1.5 MAC until the duration of surgery. To maintain the surgical plane of anesthesia, the BIS score was monitored between 40 and 65. The quantitative variables were expressed as mean±SD and compared between groups using Student’s unpaired t-test. Data analysis was done using SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results During intergroup comparison among study drugs, the mean BIS values were statistically significant among the groups (p<0.05). Hemodynamic indices were significantly better maintained in the dexmedetomidine group as compared to the isoflurane and propofol groups throughout the intraoperative period (p<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine is better than propofol and isoflurane in maintaining the BIS score and hemodynamic parameters during the intraoperative period.