Analysis of the global trade network using exponential random graph models

The global trade network has significant importance in analyzing countries’ economic exchanges. Therefore, studying the global trade network and the factors influencing its structure is helpful for both economists and political decision makers. Putting these in mind, we try to analyze the global trade network from various viewpoints. We use the backbone filtering methods to construct a network of essential trades between countries. We analyze the structural, economic, geographical, political, and cultural factors and their effect on the global trade network using exponential random graph models. Additionally, we analyze the global trade network evolution using the separable temporal exponential random models. Our results show multiple structural, economic, geographical, and political factors affect the global trade network structure.