Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status Among Refugees in Host Countries: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVES: The study aims 1) to describe and summarize the dietary intake and nutritional status among refugees living in non-camp settings within host countries worldwide; 2) to critically evaluate the potential association between refugee dietary intake and nutritional status; and 3) to specify and highlight the associated factors influencing refugee dietary patterns and nutritional health outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to summarize and evaluate the dietary intake and nutritional status among refugees resettled in non-camp settings worldwide. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases to review relevant studies published between 2009 and 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We also conducted an additional manual search through PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS: A total of 15 articles from 10 countries were included and assessed for study quality and outcomes. Poor dietary diversity and insufficient intake of specific food groups were reported. In addition to these dietary patterns, a high prevalence of stunting, underweight, and anemia was reported, particularly among children. A double burden of malnutrition was also observed across and within studies. Post-resettlement dietary and nutritional status of refugees are both influenced by factors at the pre-and post-resettlement stages as refugees transition to their host countries. Those factors summarized in this review include pre-resettlement experiences, host country resources, socioeconomic status, acculturation, and food security. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for comprehensive dietary and health screening as well as culturally appropriate and sustainable nutrition education resources and interventions for refugees to improve their dietary intake and nutritional status. Longitudinal studies and novel methodological approaches are also suggested to measure changes in refugees’ food intake and nutritional status as well as to further investigate factors associated with these two components. FUNDING SOURCES: Ball State University Digital Fellowship Funding.