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Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to assess whether fish and meat consumption over 6mo was associated with plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hemoglobin (Hb), iron deficiency (ID), and anemia in a population of young Malawian children with a high (>50%) prevalence of iron deficienc...

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Autores principales: Werner, Rochelle, Caswell, Bess, Arnold, Charles, Iannotti, Lora, Maleta, Kenneth, Stewart, Christine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193653/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.073
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author Werner, Rochelle
Caswell, Bess
Arnold, Charles
Iannotti, Lora
Maleta, Kenneth
Stewart, Christine
author_facet Werner, Rochelle
Caswell, Bess
Arnold, Charles
Iannotti, Lora
Maleta, Kenneth
Stewart, Christine
author_sort Werner, Rochelle
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to assess whether fish and meat consumption over 6mo was associated with plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hemoglobin (Hb), iron deficiency (ID), and anemia in a population of young Malawian children with a high (>50%) prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. METHODS: This secondary data analysis includes 585 Malawian infants, age 6–9mo, from a 6mo egg feeding trial. At enrollment and 6mo follow-up, 24hr dietary recalls and blood draws were conducted. Days with any small fish, large fish, or meat consumption were reported weekly in 7-day food frequency questionnaires. The % of days with flesh food consumption were totaled for each child. Plasma ferritin, sTfR, and Hb were assessed for associations with the % of days with small fish, large fish, and meat intake using linear regression. Prevalence ratios (PR) of ID (ferritin < 12µg/L or sTfR > 8.3 mg/L) and anemia (Hb< 11g/dL) were compared for each flesh food category using log binomial or modified Poisson regression. RESULTS: The % of children with observed intake of small fish (4%), large fish (1%), and meat (2%) from 24-hr recalls at enrollment increased to 40%, 12%, and 9%, respectively, at the 6mo follow-up. Over 6mo, children averaged consumption of small fish, large fish, and meat on 25%, 8%, and 6% of days, respectively. More frequent intake of small fish was associated with higher Hb [geometric mean ratio (95% CI) per 10 percentage point difference: 1.01 g/dL (1.00, 1.01)] and lower sTfR [0.98 mg/L (0.96, 1.00)] but was not associated with ferritin concentration [1.03 µg/L (0.99, 1.07)]; nor was it associated with the prevalence of ID [PR (95% CI): 0.99 (0.97, 1.01)] or anemia [0.94 (0.88, 1.01)]. More frequent consumption of large fish was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia [1.09 per 10 percentage point difference in frequency, (1.00, 1.18)] but was not associated with ID [0.96 (0.92, 1.00)]. Meat consumption was predominantly chicken and not associated with iron or anemia indices. CONCLUSIONS: Small fish are a primary contributor to total flesh food intake of young Malawian children and may provide modest improvements to iron status and hemoglobin. Meat and large fish were infrequently consumed and not associated with ID. FUNDING SOURCES: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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spelling pubmed-91936532022-06-14 Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children Werner, Rochelle Caswell, Bess Arnold, Charles Iannotti, Lora Maleta, Kenneth Stewart, Christine Curr Dev Nutr Global Nutrition OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to assess whether fish and meat consumption over 6mo was associated with plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hemoglobin (Hb), iron deficiency (ID), and anemia in a population of young Malawian children with a high (>50%) prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. METHODS: This secondary data analysis includes 585 Malawian infants, age 6–9mo, from a 6mo egg feeding trial. At enrollment and 6mo follow-up, 24hr dietary recalls and blood draws were conducted. Days with any small fish, large fish, or meat consumption were reported weekly in 7-day food frequency questionnaires. The % of days with flesh food consumption were totaled for each child. Plasma ferritin, sTfR, and Hb were assessed for associations with the % of days with small fish, large fish, and meat intake using linear regression. Prevalence ratios (PR) of ID (ferritin < 12µg/L or sTfR > 8.3 mg/L) and anemia (Hb< 11g/dL) were compared for each flesh food category using log binomial or modified Poisson regression. RESULTS: The % of children with observed intake of small fish (4%), large fish (1%), and meat (2%) from 24-hr recalls at enrollment increased to 40%, 12%, and 9%, respectively, at the 6mo follow-up. Over 6mo, children averaged consumption of small fish, large fish, and meat on 25%, 8%, and 6% of days, respectively. More frequent intake of small fish was associated with higher Hb [geometric mean ratio (95% CI) per 10 percentage point difference: 1.01 g/dL (1.00, 1.01)] and lower sTfR [0.98 mg/L (0.96, 1.00)] but was not associated with ferritin concentration [1.03 µg/L (0.99, 1.07)]; nor was it associated with the prevalence of ID [PR (95% CI): 0.99 (0.97, 1.01)] or anemia [0.94 (0.88, 1.01)]. More frequent consumption of large fish was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia [1.09 per 10 percentage point difference in frequency, (1.00, 1.18)] but was not associated with ID [0.96 (0.92, 1.00)]. Meat consumption was predominantly chicken and not associated with iron or anemia indices. CONCLUSIONS: Small fish are a primary contributor to total flesh food intake of young Malawian children and may provide modest improvements to iron status and hemoglobin. Meat and large fish were infrequently consumed and not associated with ID. FUNDING SOURCES: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Oxford University Press 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9193653/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.073 Text en © The Author 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Global Nutrition
Werner, Rochelle
Caswell, Bess
Arnold, Charles
Iannotti, Lora
Maleta, Kenneth
Stewart, Christine
Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children
title Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children
title_full Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children
title_fullStr Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children
title_full_unstemmed Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children
title_short Frequency of Small Fish Consumption Is Associated With Improved Iron and Hemoglobin in Young Malawian Children
title_sort frequency of small fish consumption is associated with improved iron and hemoglobin in young malawian children
topic Global Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193653/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.073
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