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Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)

OBJECTIVES: The intake of cranberry juice or supplements has been found in several, but not all, clinical studies to reduce the recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Several studies indicate that cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) may have a role in UTI prevention due to their ability to in...

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Autores principales: Ekong, Josiah, Oh, Laura, Haile, Ermias, Andrews, Karen, Gusev, Pavel, Pehrsson, Pamela, Bahadur, Rahul, Dwyer, Johanna, Kuszak, Adam, Costello, Rebecca, Saldanha, Leila
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193734/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac053.020
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author Ekong, Josiah
Oh, Laura
Haile, Ermias
Andrews, Karen
Gusev, Pavel
Pehrsson, Pamela
Bahadur, Rahul
Dwyer, Johanna
Kuszak, Adam
Costello, Rebecca
Saldanha, Leila
author_facet Ekong, Josiah
Oh, Laura
Haile, Ermias
Andrews, Karen
Gusev, Pavel
Pehrsson, Pamela
Bahadur, Rahul
Dwyer, Johanna
Kuszak, Adam
Costello, Rebecca
Saldanha, Leila
author_sort Ekong, Josiah
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: The intake of cranberry juice or supplements has been found in several, but not all, clinical studies to reduce the recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Several studies indicate that cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) may have a role in UTI prevention due to their ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion. For cranberry DS products on the US market, the relationship between PAC content and the cranberry source (e.g., powder, juice, extract) used in formulations is largely unknown. Therefore, a sampling plan was developed to identify and purchase DS for PAC testing as part of the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database project. This will include popular cranberry DS, those used in clinical trials, and products with a variety of label claims and source ingredients. METHODS: DS usage data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and retail sales data were used to identify the most popular cranberry DS in the natural health (NH), mass market (MM), and direct distribution sales channels. Other sources of information were the Dietary Supplement Label Database and web-based DS sellers. Three DS label categories were identified: those with a trademarked cranberry ingredient, those without a trademarked cranberry ingredient, and those with a numeric PAC claim. Some products may fall into two categories. Most products chosen for the study had cranberry as the primary ingredient by weight. Popular products with D-mannose and vitamin C were also included. RESULTS: In the first phase of this study, we purchased 41 DSs (18 MM, 11 NH, and 12 direct). Our sample included caplets, capsules, soft gels, tablets, and liquid DSs. Cranberry source materials for the DSs included extracts, concentrates, powder, juice, and whole fruit. Fifteen (15) supplements had trademarked cranberry ingredients and 9 had a specific voluntary claim for PAC content. CONCLUSIONS: In 2020, cranberries were the 6th ranked herbal ingredient sold in the US, according to the Nutrition Business Journal. The range of PAC content in the diverse cranberry DSs on the market is currently not known, since there is no requirement for this information on labels. This study will answer questions about the PAC content in a variety of DSs and whether multiple laboratories testing using the dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) method will yield similar results. FUNDING SOURCES: NIH ODS and the USDA.
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spelling pubmed-91937342022-06-14 Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) Ekong, Josiah Oh, Laura Haile, Ermias Andrews, Karen Gusev, Pavel Pehrsson, Pamela Bahadur, Rahul Dwyer, Johanna Kuszak, Adam Costello, Rebecca Saldanha, Leila Curr Dev Nutr Dietary Bioactive Components OBJECTIVES: The intake of cranberry juice or supplements has been found in several, but not all, clinical studies to reduce the recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Several studies indicate that cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) may have a role in UTI prevention due to their ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion. For cranberry DS products on the US market, the relationship between PAC content and the cranberry source (e.g., powder, juice, extract) used in formulations is largely unknown. Therefore, a sampling plan was developed to identify and purchase DS for PAC testing as part of the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database project. This will include popular cranberry DS, those used in clinical trials, and products with a variety of label claims and source ingredients. METHODS: DS usage data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and retail sales data were used to identify the most popular cranberry DS in the natural health (NH), mass market (MM), and direct distribution sales channels. Other sources of information were the Dietary Supplement Label Database and web-based DS sellers. Three DS label categories were identified: those with a trademarked cranberry ingredient, those without a trademarked cranberry ingredient, and those with a numeric PAC claim. Some products may fall into two categories. Most products chosen for the study had cranberry as the primary ingredient by weight. Popular products with D-mannose and vitamin C were also included. RESULTS: In the first phase of this study, we purchased 41 DSs (18 MM, 11 NH, and 12 direct). Our sample included caplets, capsules, soft gels, tablets, and liquid DSs. Cranberry source materials for the DSs included extracts, concentrates, powder, juice, and whole fruit. Fifteen (15) supplements had trademarked cranberry ingredients and 9 had a specific voluntary claim for PAC content. CONCLUSIONS: In 2020, cranberries were the 6th ranked herbal ingredient sold in the US, according to the Nutrition Business Journal. The range of PAC content in the diverse cranberry DSs on the market is currently not known, since there is no requirement for this information on labels. This study will answer questions about the PAC content in a variety of DSs and whether multiple laboratories testing using the dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) method will yield similar results. FUNDING SOURCES: NIH ODS and the USDA. Oxford University Press 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9193734/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac053.020 Text en © The Author 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Dietary Bioactive Components
Ekong, Josiah
Oh, Laura
Haile, Ermias
Andrews, Karen
Gusev, Pavel
Pehrsson, Pamela
Bahadur, Rahul
Dwyer, Johanna
Kuszak, Adam
Costello, Rebecca
Saldanha, Leila
Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)
title Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)
title_full Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)
title_fullStr Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)
title_full_unstemmed Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)
title_short Sampling Plan for a Study of Cranberry Dietary Supplements (DS) for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)
title_sort sampling plan for a study of cranberry dietary supplements (ds) for the dietary supplement ingredient database (dsid)
topic Dietary Bioactive Components
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193734/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac053.020
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