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Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats

OBJECTIVES: In developing countries, children are exposed to a risk of growth retardations due to their low protein (LP) intake or poor quality of protein sources with unbalanced indispensable amino acid (IAA) composition. However, the specificity of each IAA and the ability of children to catch-up...

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Autores principales: Roisné-Hamelin, Gaëtan, Chaumontet, Catherine, Calvez, Juliane, Gaudichon, Claire, Tomé, Daniel, Azzout-Marniche, Dalila
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193753/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac057.023
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author Roisné-Hamelin, Gaëtan
Chaumontet, Catherine
Calvez, Juliane
Gaudichon, Claire
Tomé, Daniel
Azzout-Marniche, Dalila
author_facet Roisné-Hamelin, Gaëtan
Chaumontet, Catherine
Calvez, Juliane
Gaudichon, Claire
Tomé, Daniel
Azzout-Marniche, Dalila
author_sort Roisné-Hamelin, Gaëtan
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: In developing countries, children are exposed to a risk of growth retardations due to their low protein (LP) intake or poor quality of protein sources with unbalanced indispensable amino acid (IAA) composition. However, the specificity of each IAA and the ability of children to catch-up their growth retardation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the supplementation efficiency following a protein or IAA (lysine, threonine, and methionine) deficiencies in growing rats, and to identify the specific IAA deficiency effect. METHODS: Sixty growing rats were fed by a control (20% of proteins; P20), a LP (5% of proteins; LP) or IAA deficient (25% of the rat's requirement in lysine, threonine, or methionine; L25, T25 and M25) diets for 3w. Thereafter, all rats were supplemented by the control (P20) or a control-equivalent diet containing free AA. Body weight (BW) and food intake were daily recorded. Naso-anal length (NAL), bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured at the end of each period. RESULTS: During the deficiency, IAA as LP diets reduced BW gain from day 2 for LP, L25 and M25 and from day 1 for T25. At the end of the deficiency, BW was reduced by 30% for L25 and M25, 50% for LP and 60% for T25. NAL was also reduced by 9, 18, 25% for L25/M25, LP and T25. At the end of the deficiency, all groups had less lean body mass (LBM), whereas only LP and T25 had a decreased BMD. Furthermore, the fat mass was only decreased for LP and T25 groups. During the supplementation, growth resumes and the weight's gap between each group was reduced, but remains after supplementation. The BW were reduced by 15, 25 and 35% for L25/M25, LP and T25, respectively. For NAL and LBM, the gap slightly reduced too, but the difference remains after the supplementation. Indeed, the NAL was reduced by 5% for L25 and M25, 8% for LP and 10% for T25. All groups had reduced kidney, muscle and carcass weight, and LP and T25 had a reduced liver weight and BMD. The T25 group was the most affected by the deficiency, even more than LP. CONCLUSIONS: A single IAA deficiency as LP induced growth retardation, and the LBM is highly affected. A supplementation allows growth resume, but the growth retardation cannot be catch up. The stronger effect observed for threonine deficiency, could be due to a wrong estimation of threonine requirement. FUNDING SOURCES: This work was supported by CEFIPRA and AlimH -INRAe.
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spelling pubmed-91937532022-06-14 Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats Roisné-Hamelin, Gaëtan Chaumontet, Catherine Calvez, Juliane Gaudichon, Claire Tomé, Daniel Azzout-Marniche, Dalila Curr Dev Nutr Energy and Macronutrient Metabolism OBJECTIVES: In developing countries, children are exposed to a risk of growth retardations due to their low protein (LP) intake or poor quality of protein sources with unbalanced indispensable amino acid (IAA) composition. However, the specificity of each IAA and the ability of children to catch-up their growth retardation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the supplementation efficiency following a protein or IAA (lysine, threonine, and methionine) deficiencies in growing rats, and to identify the specific IAA deficiency effect. METHODS: Sixty growing rats were fed by a control (20% of proteins; P20), a LP (5% of proteins; LP) or IAA deficient (25% of the rat's requirement in lysine, threonine, or methionine; L25, T25 and M25) diets for 3w. Thereafter, all rats were supplemented by the control (P20) or a control-equivalent diet containing free AA. Body weight (BW) and food intake were daily recorded. Naso-anal length (NAL), bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured at the end of each period. RESULTS: During the deficiency, IAA as LP diets reduced BW gain from day 2 for LP, L25 and M25 and from day 1 for T25. At the end of the deficiency, BW was reduced by 30% for L25 and M25, 50% for LP and 60% for T25. NAL was also reduced by 9, 18, 25% for L25/M25, LP and T25. At the end of the deficiency, all groups had less lean body mass (LBM), whereas only LP and T25 had a decreased BMD. Furthermore, the fat mass was only decreased for LP and T25 groups. During the supplementation, growth resumes and the weight's gap between each group was reduced, but remains after supplementation. The BW were reduced by 15, 25 and 35% for L25/M25, LP and T25, respectively. For NAL and LBM, the gap slightly reduced too, but the difference remains after the supplementation. Indeed, the NAL was reduced by 5% for L25 and M25, 8% for LP and 10% for T25. All groups had reduced kidney, muscle and carcass weight, and LP and T25 had a reduced liver weight and BMD. The T25 group was the most affected by the deficiency, even more than LP. CONCLUSIONS: A single IAA deficiency as LP induced growth retardation, and the LBM is highly affected. A supplementation allows growth resume, but the growth retardation cannot be catch up. The stronger effect observed for threonine deficiency, could be due to a wrong estimation of threonine requirement. FUNDING SOURCES: This work was supported by CEFIPRA and AlimH -INRAe. Oxford University Press 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9193753/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac057.023 Text en © The Author 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Energy and Macronutrient Metabolism
Roisné-Hamelin, Gaëtan
Chaumontet, Catherine
Calvez, Juliane
Gaudichon, Claire
Tomé, Daniel
Azzout-Marniche, Dalila
Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats
title Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats
title_full Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats
title_fullStr Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats
title_full_unstemmed Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats
title_short Growth Retardation Induced by Protein and Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiencies Can Not Be Catch Up by a Supplementation in Growing Rats
title_sort growth retardation induced by protein and indispensable amino acid deficiencies can not be catch up by a supplementation in growing rats
topic Energy and Macronutrient Metabolism
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193753/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac057.023
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