Recent advances in green processing technologies for valorisation of eggshell waste for sustainable construction materials

Eggshell waste is among of the most abundant agro-waste material discharged from food processing industries. Despite the exceptional properties and several applications, eggshell is castoff in huge quantity without any further use. This review paper focuses on appraising the potential uses of eggshell waste as a feedstock for production of sustainable construction materials. The emphasis is on the need to exploit extensively eggshell waste as a partial cement replacement material in clay and cement-based construction materials. The physical-chemical properties of eggshell powder which describe its unique characteristics are discussed. The exploitation of eggshell waste in various construction materials have resulted into an overall improvement in the physical-mechanical properties. The results from reviewed work show that, the incorporation of 5–30 % of eggshell powder has developed green sustainable construction materials with properties that are within the range for the established engineering standards. In the current paper, it was indicated that the valorisation of eggshell waste has a potential to replace cement material for production of cheap and sustainable construction materials with improved engineering properties. Based on circular economy, valorisation is regarded to be a cost-effective solution to provide eco-friendly industrial raw materials while ensuring a waste free environment in the future.