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How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages
OBJECTIVES: To assess how American adults consider and define healthfulness of food and beverages. METHODS: In Fall 2021, a national sample of 1,878 adults balanced by age (18–34 years, 35–49, 50–64, 65+), sex, race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latinx, Non-Hispanic Black, Asian/other), an...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193890/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac059.012 |
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author | Gerber, Suzannah Reedy, Julia O'Hearn, Meghan Cruz, Sylara Marie Mozaffarian, Dariush |
author_facet | Gerber, Suzannah Reedy, Julia O'Hearn, Meghan Cruz, Sylara Marie Mozaffarian, Dariush |
author_sort | Gerber, Suzannah |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: To assess how American adults consider and define healthfulness of food and beverages. METHODS: In Fall 2021, a national sample of 1,878 adults balanced by age (18–34 years, 35–49, 50–64, 65+), sex, race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latinx, Non-Hispanic Black, Asian/other), and annual income, completed an online survey asking about demographics and priorities for food businesses and product purchases, including select-all and agreement rated items on definitions of healthfulness for food and beverages. Pearson's r and Jaccard Index were used to assess correlation (PCC) and choice similarity, respectively. RESULTS: Among 12 definitions of healthfulness, respondents most commonly chose nutritionally balanced (67%); all natural (56%); supports health outcomes (55%); and full of vitamins and minerals (52%); followed by organic (41%); safe to eat (41%); specific nutrient profile (38%); locally grown/culturally relevant (27%); supports weight loss (25%); non-GMO (23%); aids athletic/physical performance (16%); popular diet (13%). These perceptions varied by race/ethnicity and age. Nutritionally balanced was selected by 78% of Asian/other adults and 82% of 65 + y adults, vs. White (69%), Black (64%), or Hispanic/Latinx (61%) adults; or 50–65 y (75%), 35–49 y (59%), 18–34 y (57%). Findings were more similar by income. PCC was highest for nutritionally balanced and: full of vitamins (0.81); supports health outcomes (0.80); and all natural (0.76). Jaccard similarity was < 0.55 for all definition pairs except organic and safe to eat (0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In a large, diverse national sample of US adults, consumers most defined healthfulness of food and beverages as nutritionally balanced, all natural, or supports health outcomes. Organic, supports weight loss, and non-GMO were much less reported as definitions of product healthfulness. No single definition was selected by >2/3of US adults; and combined with low Jaccard values, suggests a lack of consensus on simple definitions of healthfulness. Concepts were prioritized differently by age and race/ethnicity, but much less by income. These novel findings have implications for health communications, education, and guidance aimed at reducing consumer confusion about healthier food and beverage choices. FUNDING SOURCES: Vail Innovative Global Research; NIFA National Needs Fellowship. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9193890 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91938902022-06-14 How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages Gerber, Suzannah Reedy, Julia O'Hearn, Meghan Cruz, Sylara Marie Mozaffarian, Dariush Curr Dev Nutr Food Choice, Markets and Policy OBJECTIVES: To assess how American adults consider and define healthfulness of food and beverages. METHODS: In Fall 2021, a national sample of 1,878 adults balanced by age (18–34 years, 35–49, 50–64, 65+), sex, race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latinx, Non-Hispanic Black, Asian/other), and annual income, completed an online survey asking about demographics and priorities for food businesses and product purchases, including select-all and agreement rated items on definitions of healthfulness for food and beverages. Pearson's r and Jaccard Index were used to assess correlation (PCC) and choice similarity, respectively. RESULTS: Among 12 definitions of healthfulness, respondents most commonly chose nutritionally balanced (67%); all natural (56%); supports health outcomes (55%); and full of vitamins and minerals (52%); followed by organic (41%); safe to eat (41%); specific nutrient profile (38%); locally grown/culturally relevant (27%); supports weight loss (25%); non-GMO (23%); aids athletic/physical performance (16%); popular diet (13%). These perceptions varied by race/ethnicity and age. Nutritionally balanced was selected by 78% of Asian/other adults and 82% of 65 + y adults, vs. White (69%), Black (64%), or Hispanic/Latinx (61%) adults; or 50–65 y (75%), 35–49 y (59%), 18–34 y (57%). Findings were more similar by income. PCC was highest for nutritionally balanced and: full of vitamins (0.81); supports health outcomes (0.80); and all natural (0.76). Jaccard similarity was < 0.55 for all definition pairs except organic and safe to eat (0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In a large, diverse national sample of US adults, consumers most defined healthfulness of food and beverages as nutritionally balanced, all natural, or supports health outcomes. Organic, supports weight loss, and non-GMO were much less reported as definitions of product healthfulness. No single definition was selected by >2/3of US adults; and combined with low Jaccard values, suggests a lack of consensus on simple definitions of healthfulness. Concepts were prioritized differently by age and race/ethnicity, but much less by income. These novel findings have implications for health communications, education, and guidance aimed at reducing consumer confusion about healthier food and beverage choices. FUNDING SOURCES: Vail Innovative Global Research; NIFA National Needs Fellowship. Oxford University Press 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9193890/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac059.012 Text en © The Author 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Food Choice, Markets and Policy Gerber, Suzannah Reedy, Julia O'Hearn, Meghan Cruz, Sylara Marie Mozaffarian, Dariush How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages |
title | How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages |
title_full | How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages |
title_fullStr | How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages |
title_full_unstemmed | How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages |
title_short | How Americans Define Health for Food and Beverages |
title_sort | how americans define health for food and beverages |
topic | Food Choice, Markets and Policy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9193890/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac059.012 |
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