Association of Long-Term Dietary Intake and Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Adults with Obesity

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of long-term dietary intakes and gastric myoelectric activity (GMA) in adults with obesity vs controls. METHODS: A total of 115 adults (18–60 y); 53 controls (BMI <29.90 kg/m2) and 62 patients with obesity (BMI > 30.00 kg/m2) were studied. All were free of any gastric problems. Control and cases were subdivided according to BMI into normal-weight (NW, n = 24), overweight (OW, n = 29), obesity (OB, n = 41), and morbid obesity (MO, n = 21). The protocol has IRB approval No: 20/0908/IRB. The dietary assessment has been assessed by the 2-days multiple passes 24-h recall. Then the food processor software (ESHA, USA) was used for the dietary analysis. The multichannel electrogastrography (EEG) with water load test was used to measure the GMA in the fasting state for 10 mins, and for 30 mins after water loading (3CPM-EGG, USA). The average dominant frequency (ADF) was used for analysis. RESULTS: Patients with MO have larger stomachs than in the NW and OB groups. The ADF was significantly lower in the MO group compared to the OB group at 10 and 20-mins indicating a state of bradygastria. Compared to the NW group, dietary composition analysis showed significant differences in obesity groups regarding the total caloric intake, carbohydrates, protein, fats, saturated fats, and fibers. The early post-prandial ADF had a positive correlation with the total caloric, carbohydrate, fiber, and fat intakes (r = 0.32, 0.32, 0.29, 0.30, respectively, n = 53, p < 0.05) in controls. A +ve correlation between ADF-30 and protein intake (r = 0.331, p < 0.05). in contrast, the ADF of the obese group did not show any significant correlations with the total caloric intake, fat, protein, and carbohydrate intake. Interestingly, ADF showed a positive correlation with total fiber intake at different time intervals in the obesity group. (ADF-20, ADF-30, ADF-40 r = 0.33, 0.38, 0.29, respectively, n = 62, p < 0.05). In contrast ADF-20 showed −ve association with the caffeine in obesity group (r = − 0.27, n = 62, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Association of ADF of the GMA with dietary intakes was evident and showed a distinctive pattern in the obese and controls. FUNDING SOURCES: This project was funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Project No: 2-17-03-001-0060.