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Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

IMPORTANCE: Girls in East Asia have a higher myopia prevalence than boys. Less research has been done on whether girls' earlier puberty could explain this sex difference. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between myopia and puberty and the role of puberty in e...

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Autores principales: Xu, Rongbin, Zhong, Panliang, Jan, Catherine, Song, Yi, Xiong, Xiuqin, Luo, Dongmei, Dong, Yanhui, Ma, Jun, Stafford, Randall S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9196902/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35712300
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.833960
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author Xu, Rongbin
Zhong, Panliang
Jan, Catherine
Song, Yi
Xiong, Xiuqin
Luo, Dongmei
Dong, Yanhui
Ma, Jun
Stafford, Randall S.
author_facet Xu, Rongbin
Zhong, Panliang
Jan, Catherine
Song, Yi
Xiong, Xiuqin
Luo, Dongmei
Dong, Yanhui
Ma, Jun
Stafford, Randall S.
author_sort Xu, Rongbin
collection PubMed
description IMPORTANCE: Girls in East Asia have a higher myopia prevalence than boys. Less research has been done on whether girls' earlier puberty could explain this sex difference. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between myopia and puberty and the role of puberty in explaining the sex disparity in adolescent myopia prevalence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this nationwide cross-sectional study, data came from five consecutive national surveys from 1995 to 2014 in China. We included 338,896 boys aged 11–18 and 439,481 girls aged 9–18. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined according to unaided distance visual acuity and subjective refraction; puberty status was defined dichotomously as menarche or spermarche status. The association between myopia and puberty was evaluated by robust Poisson GEE regression. Mediation analyses were used to quantify how much of the sex disparity in myopia could be explained by puberty. RESULTS: Post-menarche girls and post-spermarche boys showed 29–41% and 8–19% higher risk of myopia than pre-menarche girls and pre-spermarche boys, respectively. The association remained significant in girls [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.07, 95%CI:1.04–1.10] but disappeared in boys (p > 0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders. Girls had a 12–23% higher risk of myopia than boys. A total of 16.7% of the sex disparity in myopia could be explained by girls' earlier puberty, whereas 11.1% could be explained by behavioral factors. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Puberty status is independently associated with myopia in girls but not in boys. A significant proportion of the sex disparity in adolescent myopia could be explained by girls' earlier puberty, suggesting the need to consider sex-differentiated strategies for myopia prevention and treatment.
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spelling pubmed-91969022022-06-15 Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Xu, Rongbin Zhong, Panliang Jan, Catherine Song, Yi Xiong, Xiuqin Luo, Dongmei Dong, Yanhui Ma, Jun Stafford, Randall S. Front Public Health Public Health IMPORTANCE: Girls in East Asia have a higher myopia prevalence than boys. Less research has been done on whether girls' earlier puberty could explain this sex difference. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between myopia and puberty and the role of puberty in explaining the sex disparity in adolescent myopia prevalence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this nationwide cross-sectional study, data came from five consecutive national surveys from 1995 to 2014 in China. We included 338,896 boys aged 11–18 and 439,481 girls aged 9–18. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined according to unaided distance visual acuity and subjective refraction; puberty status was defined dichotomously as menarche or spermarche status. The association between myopia and puberty was evaluated by robust Poisson GEE regression. Mediation analyses were used to quantify how much of the sex disparity in myopia could be explained by puberty. RESULTS: Post-menarche girls and post-spermarche boys showed 29–41% and 8–19% higher risk of myopia than pre-menarche girls and pre-spermarche boys, respectively. The association remained significant in girls [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.07, 95%CI:1.04–1.10] but disappeared in boys (p > 0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders. Girls had a 12–23% higher risk of myopia than boys. A total of 16.7% of the sex disparity in myopia could be explained by girls' earlier puberty, whereas 11.1% could be explained by behavioral factors. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Puberty status is independently associated with myopia in girls but not in boys. A significant proportion of the sex disparity in adolescent myopia could be explained by girls' earlier puberty, suggesting the need to consider sex-differentiated strategies for myopia prevention and treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9196902/ /pubmed/35712300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.833960 Text en Copyright © 2022 Xu, Zhong, Jan, Song, Xiong, Luo, Dong, Ma and Stafford. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Xu, Rongbin
Zhong, Panliang
Jan, Catherine
Song, Yi
Xiong, Xiuqin
Luo, Dongmei
Dong, Yanhui
Ma, Jun
Stafford, Randall S.
Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
title Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort sex disparity in myopia explained by puberty among chinese adolescents from 1995 to 2014: a nationwide cross-sectional study
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9196902/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35712300
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.833960
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