Early Post-Transplant Red Blood Cell Transfusion Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Transplant Failure: A Nationwide French Study

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are frequently required in the early period after kidney transplantation. However, the consequences of RBC transfusions on long-term outcomes are largely unrecognized. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide French cohort study involving all 31 French kidney transplant centers. Patients having received a first kidney transplant between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2008 were identified through the national registry of the French BioMedecine Agency (Agence de BioMédecine). Number and date of RBC transfusions were collected from the national database of the French transfusion public service. The primary endpoint was transplant failure defined as graft loss or death with a functional graft. RESULTS: Among 12,559 patients included during the study period, 3,483 (28%) were transfused during the first 14 days post-transplant. Median follow-up was 7.6 (7.5-7.8) years. Multivariable analysis determined that post-transplant RBC transfusion was associated with an increased risk in transplant failure (HR 1.650, 95%CI [1.538;1.771] p<0.0001). Both sensitivity and propension score analyses confirmed the previous result. CONCLUSIONS: Early red blood cell transfusion after kidney transplantation is associated with increased transplant failure.