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Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect

In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that learning is determined by the prediction error, i.e., the error between the actual reward and the reward predicted by the animal. However, it is unclear whether error-based learning theories are applicable to the learning occurring in ot...

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Autores principales: Terao, Kanta, Matsumoto, Yukihisa, Álvarez, Beatriz, Mizunami, Makoto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9198028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35701655
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13800-2
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author Terao, Kanta
Matsumoto, Yukihisa
Álvarez, Beatriz
Mizunami, Makoto
author_facet Terao, Kanta
Matsumoto, Yukihisa
Álvarez, Beatriz
Mizunami, Makoto
author_sort Terao, Kanta
collection PubMed
description In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that learning is determined by the prediction error, i.e., the error between the actual reward and the reward predicted by the animal. However, it is unclear whether error-based learning theories are applicable to the learning occurring in other non-mammalian species. Here, we examined whether overexpectation, a phenomenon that supports error-based learning theories, occurs in crickets. Crickets were independently trained with two different conditioned stimuli (CSs), an odour and a visual pattern, that were followed by an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US). Then the two CSs were presented simultaneously as a compound, followed by the same US. This treatment resulted in a reduced conditioned response to the odour CS when tested immediately after training. However, the response to the CS was partially recovered after 1 day. These results are the first to show overexpectation and its spontaneous recovery in an invertebrate species. While the results showing overexpectation are in agreement with the prediction by the Rescorla-Wagner model, a major form of error-based learning theories, the ones showing spontaneous recovery are not. Our results suggest that conventional error-based learning models account for some, but not for all essential features of Pavlovian conditioning in crickets.
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spelling pubmed-91980282022-06-16 Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect Terao, Kanta Matsumoto, Yukihisa Álvarez, Beatriz Mizunami, Makoto Sci Rep Article In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that learning is determined by the prediction error, i.e., the error between the actual reward and the reward predicted by the animal. However, it is unclear whether error-based learning theories are applicable to the learning occurring in other non-mammalian species. Here, we examined whether overexpectation, a phenomenon that supports error-based learning theories, occurs in crickets. Crickets were independently trained with two different conditioned stimuli (CSs), an odour and a visual pattern, that were followed by an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US). Then the two CSs were presented simultaneously as a compound, followed by the same US. This treatment resulted in a reduced conditioned response to the odour CS when tested immediately after training. However, the response to the CS was partially recovered after 1 day. These results are the first to show overexpectation and its spontaneous recovery in an invertebrate species. While the results showing overexpectation are in agreement with the prediction by the Rescorla-Wagner model, a major form of error-based learning theories, the ones showing spontaneous recovery are not. Our results suggest that conventional error-based learning models account for some, but not for all essential features of Pavlovian conditioning in crickets. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9198028/ /pubmed/35701655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13800-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Terao, Kanta
Matsumoto, Yukihisa
Álvarez, Beatriz
Mizunami, Makoto
Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
title Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
title_full Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
title_fullStr Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
title_full_unstemmed Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
title_short Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
title_sort spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9198028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35701655
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13800-2
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