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Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known to affect the brain motor circuits involving the basal ganglia (BG) and to induce, among other signs, general slowness and paucity of movements. In upper limb movements, PD patients show a systematic prolongation of movement duration while maintaining a sufficient l...

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Autores principales: Fasano, Alessio, Mazzoni, Alberto, Falotico, Egidio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: IOS Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9198782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35253780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JPD-213082
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author Fasano, Alessio
Mazzoni, Alberto
Falotico, Egidio
author_facet Fasano, Alessio
Mazzoni, Alberto
Falotico, Egidio
author_sort Fasano, Alessio
collection PubMed
description Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known to affect the brain motor circuits involving the basal ganglia (BG) and to induce, among other signs, general slowness and paucity of movements. In upper limb movements, PD patients show a systematic prolongation of movement duration while maintaining a sufficient level of endpoint accuracy. PD appears to cause impairments not only in movement execution, but also in movement initiation and planning, as revealed by abnormal preparatory activity of motor-related brain areas. Grasping movement is affected as well, particularly in the coordination of the hand aperture with the transport phase. In the last fifty years, numerous behavioral studies attempted to clarify the mechanisms underlying these anomalies, speculating on the plausible role that the BG-thalamo-cortical circuitry may play in normal and pathological motor control. Still, many questions remain open, especially concerning the management of the speed-accuracy tradeoff and the online feedback control. In this review, we summarize the literature results on reaching and grasping in parkinsonian patients. We analyze the relevant hypotheses on the origins of dysfunction, by focusing on the motor control aspects involved in the different movement phases and the corresponding role played by the BG. We conclude with an insight into the innovative stimulation techniques and computational models recently proposed, which might be helpful in further clarifying the mechanisms through which PD affects reaching and grasping movements.
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spelling pubmed-91987822022-06-16 Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review Fasano, Alessio Mazzoni, Alberto Falotico, Egidio J Parkinsons Dis Review Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known to affect the brain motor circuits involving the basal ganglia (BG) and to induce, among other signs, general slowness and paucity of movements. In upper limb movements, PD patients show a systematic prolongation of movement duration while maintaining a sufficient level of endpoint accuracy. PD appears to cause impairments not only in movement execution, but also in movement initiation and planning, as revealed by abnormal preparatory activity of motor-related brain areas. Grasping movement is affected as well, particularly in the coordination of the hand aperture with the transport phase. In the last fifty years, numerous behavioral studies attempted to clarify the mechanisms underlying these anomalies, speculating on the plausible role that the BG-thalamo-cortical circuitry may play in normal and pathological motor control. Still, many questions remain open, especially concerning the management of the speed-accuracy tradeoff and the online feedback control. In this review, we summarize the literature results on reaching and grasping in parkinsonian patients. We analyze the relevant hypotheses on the origins of dysfunction, by focusing on the motor control aspects involved in the different movement phases and the corresponding role played by the BG. We conclude with an insight into the innovative stimulation techniques and computational models recently proposed, which might be helpful in further clarifying the mechanisms through which PD affects reaching and grasping movements. IOS Press 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9198782/ /pubmed/35253780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JPD-213082 Text en © 2022 – The authors. Published by IOS Press https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Fasano, Alessio
Mazzoni, Alberto
Falotico, Egidio
Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
title Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
title_full Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
title_fullStr Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
title_short Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
title_sort reaching and grasping movements in parkinson’s disease: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9198782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35253780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JPD-213082
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