Tuberculosis Aortitis and Mycotic Pseudo-aneurysm of the Infra-renal Aorta after Intravesicular BCG Therapy

We report a patient who presented with a rapidly expanding symptomatic tuberculous aortitis and mycotic pseudo-aneurysm of the infra-renal aorta, after intra-vesical BCG chemotherapy for bladder cancer, treated by required emergency open aneurysm repair. His case highlights this rare complication of intravesical BCG treatment, haematological seeding causing tuberculous aortitis and mycotic pseudo-aneurysm formation of the infra-renal aorta. It also illustrates successful treatment with emergency open surgery, local debridement of mycotic pseudoaneurysm, in-situ surgical reconstruction using a custom bovine-wrap interposition graft to create a neo-aorta and multi-agent anti-tuberculous chemotherapy.