Endostar plus pembrolizumab combined with a platinum-based dual chemotherapy regime for advanced pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma as a first-line treatment: A case report

Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. The proper treatment decision and possible prognosis outcome for advanced LCNEC is always an enormous challenge due to its scarcity. Here, we presented a 59-year-old male patient with advanced LCNEC with a non-neuroendocrine immunophenotype who received endostar plus pembrolizumab combined with a platinum-based dual chemotherapy regime as a first-line treatment. At present, the patient’s condition is well controlled by medication only and has a progression-free survival of more than 2 years. Adverse effects recorded for this patient during treatment courses include nausea, vomiting, II–III quality bone marrow toxicity, and PD-1 blockage-related hypothyroidism. This case report discussed the feasibility of immunotherapy, anti-angiogenesis agents, and chemotherapy as a first-line therapy in advanced LCNEC.