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Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is among the top four causes of mortality globally, causing 1.4 million deaths each year, exceeding tuberculosis, malaria and human immunodeficiency virus. Hepatitis B and C are responsible for 90% of hepatitis deaths, and the remaining 10% are caused by other hepatitis viruses. The...

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Autores principales: Soriano, Vicente, Alvarez, Carmen, Edagwa, Benson, de Mendoza, Carmen, Montoya, Noemí, Treviño, Ana, Gendelman, Howard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9204217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34728344
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.052
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author Soriano, Vicente
Alvarez, Carmen
Edagwa, Benson
de Mendoza, Carmen
Montoya, Noemí
Treviño, Ana
Gendelman, Howard
author_facet Soriano, Vicente
Alvarez, Carmen
Edagwa, Benson
de Mendoza, Carmen
Montoya, Noemí
Treviño, Ana
Gendelman, Howard
author_sort Soriano, Vicente
collection PubMed
description Viral hepatitis is among the top four causes of mortality globally, causing 1.4 million deaths each year, exceeding tuberculosis, malaria and human immunodeficiency virus. Hepatitis B and C are responsible for 90% of hepatitis deaths, and the remaining 10% are caused by other hepatitis viruses. The annual number of deaths from hepatitis C is declining, whereas the numbers of deaths from hepatitis B and D are increasing. Hepatitis B alone represents the seven highest cause of mortality worldwide. Spurred on by development of curative antivirals for hepatitis C and expanding access to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, the World Health Organization has committed to eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Like the majority of current antivirals, those available for HBV are virostatic. They are capable of suppressing viral replication but cannot eliminate the virus from infected patients. Therefore, treatment is lifelong. Long-term adherence to medication continues to represent a major challenge. Importantly, HBV often reactivates, leading to potential life-threatening events in immunosuppressed patients. Therapeutic options are limited for hepatitis D; however, promising new, effective antivirals are on the horizon. Recent advances have emerged in medicinal chemistry and drug delivery approaches to produce ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals. These can extend antiviral activity from months to 1 year or even longer. These new formulations can overcome the challenges of daily dosing and maximize drug exposure. The development of XLA antivirals targeting viral hepatitis may also facilitate cure strategies.
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spelling pubmed-92042172022-06-17 Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis Soriano, Vicente Alvarez, Carmen Edagwa, Benson de Mendoza, Carmen Montoya, Noemí Treviño, Ana Gendelman, Howard Int J Infect Dis Article Viral hepatitis is among the top four causes of mortality globally, causing 1.4 million deaths each year, exceeding tuberculosis, malaria and human immunodeficiency virus. Hepatitis B and C are responsible for 90% of hepatitis deaths, and the remaining 10% are caused by other hepatitis viruses. The annual number of deaths from hepatitis C is declining, whereas the numbers of deaths from hepatitis B and D are increasing. Hepatitis B alone represents the seven highest cause of mortality worldwide. Spurred on by development of curative antivirals for hepatitis C and expanding access to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, the World Health Organization has committed to eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Like the majority of current antivirals, those available for HBV are virostatic. They are capable of suppressing viral replication but cannot eliminate the virus from infected patients. Therefore, treatment is lifelong. Long-term adherence to medication continues to represent a major challenge. Importantly, HBV often reactivates, leading to potential life-threatening events in immunosuppressed patients. Therapeutic options are limited for hepatitis D; however, promising new, effective antivirals are on the horizon. Recent advances have emerged in medicinal chemistry and drug delivery approaches to produce ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals. These can extend antiviral activity from months to 1 year or even longer. These new formulations can overcome the challenges of daily dosing and maximize drug exposure. The development of XLA antivirals targeting viral hepatitis may also facilitate cure strategies. 2022-01 2021-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9204217/ /pubmed/34728344 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.052 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) )
spellingShingle Article
Soriano, Vicente
Alvarez, Carmen
Edagwa, Benson
de Mendoza, Carmen
Montoya, Noemí
Treviño, Ana
Gendelman, Howard
Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
title Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
title_full Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
title_fullStr Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
title_full_unstemmed Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
title_short Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
title_sort ultra-long-acting (xla) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9204217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34728344
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.052
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