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Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study

To compare the gut microbiota of healthy infants based on specific interactions of delivery modes and feeding types, we recruited 62 healthy babies who were followed up for 2 years from our previous cohort study of 91 infants (the rest were lost to follow-up). They were exclusively fed breast milk o...

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Autores principales: Ma, Jingran, Li, Zhenghong, Zhang, Wenjuan, Zhang, Chunli, Zhang, Yuheng, Mei, Hua, Zhuo, Na, Wang, Hongyun, Wu, Dan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9204251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35722310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.868227
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author Ma, Jingran
Li, Zhenghong
Zhang, Wenjuan
Zhang, Chunli
Zhang, Yuheng
Mei, Hua
Zhuo, Na
Wang, Hongyun
Wu, Dan
author_facet Ma, Jingran
Li, Zhenghong
Zhang, Wenjuan
Zhang, Chunli
Zhang, Yuheng
Mei, Hua
Zhuo, Na
Wang, Hongyun
Wu, Dan
author_sort Ma, Jingran
collection PubMed
description To compare the gut microbiota of healthy infants based on specific interactions of delivery modes and feeding types, we recruited 62 healthy babies who were followed up for 2 years from our previous cohort study of 91 infants (the rest were lost to follow-up). They were exclusively fed breast milk or specific formulas for more than 4 months after birth. The fecal bacterial composition was tested at 40 days, 3 months, and 6 months of age. Solid foods were introduced from 4 to 6 months of age and thus did not affect the microbiota before 4 months of age. According to the different delivery modes (i.e., vaginal delivery, VD, or cesarean section delivery, CS) and feeding types (i.e., breast-fed, br, or formula-fed, fo), the infants were assigned to four different groups, namely, the VD-br, VD-fo, CS-br, and CS-fo groups. We found that at 40 days of age, the α diversity (reported as the Shannon index) was lower in the br infants than in the fo infants. At 3 months of age, the α diversity was significantly lower in the CS-br group, although significant differences were not observed after solid food introduction. Bifidobacterium represented the most predominant genus in all groups at all time points, followed by Enterobacteriaceae. At 40 days of age, the abundance of Bifidobacterium was much higher in the CS-br group than in the CS-fo group but did not differ between the VD-br and VD-fo groups. The differences in Bifidobacterium disappeared at 3 and 6 months of age among the different groups. At 40 days of age, the abundance of Streptococcus and Enterococcus was much lower in the br infants than in the CS-fo group. At 3 months of age, Enterococcus was significantly lower in the CS-br group than in the fo infants, although for infants delivered by VD, the difference between feeding types was not significant. The specific interaction of delivery modes and feeding types has a large impact on the infants' gut microbiota. Breastfeeding and VD may decrease the potential adverse effects of formula feeding or CS delivery on gut microbiota, thus leading to a more stable and beneficial gut environment for infants.
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spelling pubmed-92042512022-06-18 Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study Ma, Jingran Li, Zhenghong Zhang, Wenjuan Zhang, Chunli Zhang, Yuheng Mei, Hua Zhuo, Na Wang, Hongyun Wu, Dan Front Microbiol Microbiology To compare the gut microbiota of healthy infants based on specific interactions of delivery modes and feeding types, we recruited 62 healthy babies who were followed up for 2 years from our previous cohort study of 91 infants (the rest were lost to follow-up). They were exclusively fed breast milk or specific formulas for more than 4 months after birth. The fecal bacterial composition was tested at 40 days, 3 months, and 6 months of age. Solid foods were introduced from 4 to 6 months of age and thus did not affect the microbiota before 4 months of age. According to the different delivery modes (i.e., vaginal delivery, VD, or cesarean section delivery, CS) and feeding types (i.e., breast-fed, br, or formula-fed, fo), the infants were assigned to four different groups, namely, the VD-br, VD-fo, CS-br, and CS-fo groups. We found that at 40 days of age, the α diversity (reported as the Shannon index) was lower in the br infants than in the fo infants. At 3 months of age, the α diversity was significantly lower in the CS-br group, although significant differences were not observed after solid food introduction. Bifidobacterium represented the most predominant genus in all groups at all time points, followed by Enterobacteriaceae. At 40 days of age, the abundance of Bifidobacterium was much higher in the CS-br group than in the CS-fo group but did not differ between the VD-br and VD-fo groups. The differences in Bifidobacterium disappeared at 3 and 6 months of age among the different groups. At 40 days of age, the abundance of Streptococcus and Enterococcus was much lower in the br infants than in the CS-fo group. At 3 months of age, Enterococcus was significantly lower in the CS-br group than in the fo infants, although for infants delivered by VD, the difference between feeding types was not significant. The specific interaction of delivery modes and feeding types has a large impact on the infants' gut microbiota. Breastfeeding and VD may decrease the potential adverse effects of formula feeding or CS delivery on gut microbiota, thus leading to a more stable and beneficial gut environment for infants. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9204251/ /pubmed/35722310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.868227 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ma, Li, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Mei, Zhuo, Wang and Wu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Ma, Jingran
Li, Zhenghong
Zhang, Wenjuan
Zhang, Chunli
Zhang, Yuheng
Mei, Hua
Zhuo, Na
Wang, Hongyun
Wu, Dan
Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study
title Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study
title_full Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study
title_fullStr Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study
title_short Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Infants With Different Delivery Modes and Feeding Types: A Cohort Study
title_sort comparison of the gut microbiota in healthy infants with different delivery modes and feeding types: a cohort study
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9204251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35722310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.868227
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