Usability of a smartwatch for atrial fibrillation detection in older adults after stroke

BACKGROUND: Smartwatches can be used for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection, but little is known about how older adults at risk for AF perceive their usability. METHODS: We employed a mixed-methods study design using data from the ongoing Pulsewatch study, a randomized clinical trial (NCT03761394) examining the accuracy of a smartwatch-smartphone app dyad (Samsung/Android) compared to usual care with a patch monitor (Cardea SOLO™ ECG System) for detection of AF among older stroke survivors. To be eligible to participate in Pulsewatch, participants needed to be at least 50 years of age, have had an ischemic stroke, and have no major contraindications to anticoagulation therapy should AF be detected. After 14 days of use, usability was measured by the System Usability Scale (SUS) and investigator-generated questions. Qualitative interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded via thematic analysis. RESULTS: Ninety participants in the Pulsewatch trial were randomized to use a smartwatch-smartphone app dyad for 14 days (average age: 65 years, 41% female, 87% White), and 46% found it to be highly usable (SUS ≥68). In quantitative surveys, participants who used an assistive device (eg, wheelchair) and those with history of anxiety or depression were more likely to report anxiety associated with watch use. In qualitative interviews, study participants reported wanting a streamlined system that was more focused on rhythm monitoring and a smartwatch with a longer battery life. In-person training and support greatly improved their experience, and participants overwhelmingly preferred use of a smartwatch over traditional cardiac monitoring owing to its comfort, appearance, and convenience. CONCLUSION: Older adults at high risk for AF who were randomized to use a smartwatch-app dyad for AF monitoring over 14 days found it to be usable for AF detection and preferred their use to the use of a patch monitor. However, participants reported that a simpler device interface and longer smartwatch battery life would increase the system’s usability.