Allergic Rhinitis and House Dust Mite Sensitization Determine Persistence of Asthma in Children

OBJECTIVE: To specify clinical and immunological parameters of the mechanisms, which may lead to development of persistent asthma, or regression of the disease symptoms. METHODS: Eighty children with childhood asthma, diagnosed in the past by using the modified Asthma Predicted Index (mAPI), were divided into two groups: remission group and persistent group. There were 3 study visits (baseline, at 6 mo, and at 12 mo). Clinical remission of asthma was defined as the absence of asthma symptoms for at least 12 mo without treatment. The patients could switch from one group to another during the 12 mo of follow-up. Clinical, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory predictors of asthma remission/persistence were analyzed. RESULTS: The presence of mAPI criteria as well as house dust mite (HDM) allergy and allergic rhinitis at 7–10 y, were associated with a reduced prevalence of asthma remission. The increased eosinophil blood count in mAPI criteria was associated with a lower expression of CD25 positive cells. HDM allergy was associated with a higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level (p = 0.0061) and higher expression of CD25CD71 (p = 0.0232). Allergic rhinitis was associated with a higher expression of PPAR (p = 0.0493) and CD25CD71 (p = 0.0198), and lower expression of glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP). CONCLUSIONS: Persistence of childhood asthma was largely determined by the presence of allergic rhinitis and sensitization to HDM. Additionally, API criteria but not immunoregulation processes, were related to asthma persistence. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12098-021-04052-5.