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Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains
In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and female brains display subtle differences at the cellular level which may be important in dri...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9206309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35715828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13293-022-00442-2 |
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author | Zhai, Gang Jia, Jingyi Bereketoglu, Ceyhun Yin, Zhan Pradhan, Ajay |
author_facet | Zhai, Gang Jia, Jingyi Bereketoglu, Ceyhun Yin, Zhan Pradhan, Ajay |
author_sort | Zhai, Gang |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and female brains display subtle differences at the cellular level which may be important in driving sex-specific signaling. Sex differences in the brain have been observed in humans as well as in non-human species. However, the molecular mechanisms of brain sex differentiation remain unclear. The classical model of brain sex differentiation suggests that the steroid hormones derived from the gonads are the primary determinants in establishing male and female neural networks. Recent studies indicate that the developing brain shows sex-specific differences in gene expression prior to gonadal hormone action. Hence, genetic differences may also be responsible for differentiating the brain into male and female types. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in brain sex differentiation could help further elucidate the sex-specific incidences of certain neurological diseases. The zebrafish model could be appropriate for enhancing our understanding of brain sex differentiation and the signaling involved in neurological diseases. Zebrafish brains show sex-specific differences at the hormonal level, and recent advances in RNA sequencing have highlighted critical sex-specific differences at the transcript level. The differences are also evident at the cellular and metabolite levels, which could be important in organizing sex-specific neuronal signaling. Furthermore, in addition to having one ortholog for 70% of the human gene, zebrafish also shares brain structural similarities with other higher eukaryotes, including mammals. Hence, deciphering brain sex differentiation in zebrafish will help further enhance the diagnostic and pharmacological intervention of neurological diseases. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00442-2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9206309 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92063092022-06-19 Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains Zhai, Gang Jia, Jingyi Bereketoglu, Ceyhun Yin, Zhan Pradhan, Ajay Biol Sex Differ Review In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and female brains display subtle differences at the cellular level which may be important in driving sex-specific signaling. Sex differences in the brain have been observed in humans as well as in non-human species. However, the molecular mechanisms of brain sex differentiation remain unclear. The classical model of brain sex differentiation suggests that the steroid hormones derived from the gonads are the primary determinants in establishing male and female neural networks. Recent studies indicate that the developing brain shows sex-specific differences in gene expression prior to gonadal hormone action. Hence, genetic differences may also be responsible for differentiating the brain into male and female types. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in brain sex differentiation could help further elucidate the sex-specific incidences of certain neurological diseases. The zebrafish model could be appropriate for enhancing our understanding of brain sex differentiation and the signaling involved in neurological diseases. Zebrafish brains show sex-specific differences at the hormonal level, and recent advances in RNA sequencing have highlighted critical sex-specific differences at the transcript level. The differences are also evident at the cellular and metabolite levels, which could be important in organizing sex-specific neuronal signaling. Furthermore, in addition to having one ortholog for 70% of the human gene, zebrafish also shares brain structural similarities with other higher eukaryotes, including mammals. Hence, deciphering brain sex differentiation in zebrafish will help further enhance the diagnostic and pharmacological intervention of neurological diseases. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00442-2. BioMed Central 2022-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9206309/ /pubmed/35715828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13293-022-00442-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Zhai, Gang Jia, Jingyi Bereketoglu, Ceyhun Yin, Zhan Pradhan, Ajay Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains |
title | Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains |
title_full | Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains |
title_fullStr | Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains |
title_short | Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains |
title_sort | sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9206309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35715828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13293-022-00442-2 |
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