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Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study
BACKGROUND: The internet and social media are increasingly popular sources of health information for adolescents. Using online health information requires digital health literacy, consisting of literacy, analytical skills and personal capabilities such as self-efficacy. Appraising trustworthiness an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9207829/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35725389 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13599-7 |
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author | Taba, Melody Allen, Tiffany B. Caldwell, Patrina H.Y. Skinner, S. Rachel Kang, Melissa McCaffery, Kirsten Scott, Karen M. |
author_facet | Taba, Melody Allen, Tiffany B. Caldwell, Patrina H.Y. Skinner, S. Rachel Kang, Melissa McCaffery, Kirsten Scott, Karen M. |
author_sort | Taba, Melody |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The internet and social media are increasingly popular sources of health information for adolescents. Using online health information requires digital health literacy, consisting of literacy, analytical skills and personal capabilities such as self-efficacy. Appraising trustworthiness and relevance of online health information requires critical health literacy to discriminate between sources, critically analyse meaning and relevance, and use information for personal health. Adolescents with poor digital health literacy risk using misinformation, with potential negative health outcomes. We aimed to understand adolescents’ contemporary digital health literacy and compared self-efficacy with capability. METHODS: Adolescents (12–17 years) completed an eHEALS self-report digital health literacy measure, a practical search task using a think-aloud protocol and an interview to capture perceived and actual digital health literacy. eHEALS scores were generated using descriptive statistics, search tasks were analysed using an observation checklist and interviews were thematically analysed based on Social Cognitive Theory, focussing on self-efficacy. RESULTS: Twenty-one participants generally had high self-efficacy using online health information but perceived their digital health literacy to be higher than demonstrated. They accessed online health information unintentionally on social media and intentionally via search engines. They appraised information medium, source and content using general internet searching heuristics taught at school. Information on social media was considered less trustworthy than websites, but participants used similar appraisal strategies for both; some search/appraisal heuristics were insufficiently nuanced for digital health information, sometimes resulting in misplaced trust or diminished self-efficacy. Participants felt anxious or relieved after finding online health information, depending on content, understanding and satisfaction. They did not act on information without parental and/or health professional advice. They rarely discussed findings with health professionals but would welcome discussions and learning how to find and appraise online health information. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst adolescents possess many important digital health literacy skills and generally feel self-efficacious in using them, their critical health literacy needs improving. Adolescents desire increased digital health literacy so they can confidently appraise health information they find online and on social media. Co-designed educational interventions with adolescents and health providers are required. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13599-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9207829 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92078292022-06-21 Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study Taba, Melody Allen, Tiffany B. Caldwell, Patrina H.Y. Skinner, S. Rachel Kang, Melissa McCaffery, Kirsten Scott, Karen M. BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: The internet and social media are increasingly popular sources of health information for adolescents. Using online health information requires digital health literacy, consisting of literacy, analytical skills and personal capabilities such as self-efficacy. Appraising trustworthiness and relevance of online health information requires critical health literacy to discriminate between sources, critically analyse meaning and relevance, and use information for personal health. Adolescents with poor digital health literacy risk using misinformation, with potential negative health outcomes. We aimed to understand adolescents’ contemporary digital health literacy and compared self-efficacy with capability. METHODS: Adolescents (12–17 years) completed an eHEALS self-report digital health literacy measure, a practical search task using a think-aloud protocol and an interview to capture perceived and actual digital health literacy. eHEALS scores were generated using descriptive statistics, search tasks were analysed using an observation checklist and interviews were thematically analysed based on Social Cognitive Theory, focussing on self-efficacy. RESULTS: Twenty-one participants generally had high self-efficacy using online health information but perceived their digital health literacy to be higher than demonstrated. They accessed online health information unintentionally on social media and intentionally via search engines. They appraised information medium, source and content using general internet searching heuristics taught at school. Information on social media was considered less trustworthy than websites, but participants used similar appraisal strategies for both; some search/appraisal heuristics were insufficiently nuanced for digital health information, sometimes resulting in misplaced trust or diminished self-efficacy. Participants felt anxious or relieved after finding online health information, depending on content, understanding and satisfaction. They did not act on information without parental and/or health professional advice. They rarely discussed findings with health professionals but would welcome discussions and learning how to find and appraise online health information. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst adolescents possess many important digital health literacy skills and generally feel self-efficacious in using them, their critical health literacy needs improving. Adolescents desire increased digital health literacy so they can confidently appraise health information they find online and on social media. Co-designed educational interventions with adolescents and health providers are required. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13599-7. BioMed Central 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9207829/ /pubmed/35725389 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13599-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Taba, Melody Allen, Tiffany B. Caldwell, Patrina H.Y. Skinner, S. Rachel Kang, Melissa McCaffery, Kirsten Scott, Karen M. Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study |
title | Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study |
title_full | Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study |
title_fullStr | Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study |
title_full_unstemmed | Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study |
title_short | Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study |
title_sort | adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9207829/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35725389 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13599-7 |
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