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Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Rabies is considered a highly fatal zoonotic disease and many deaths in humans have been associated with dog bites. This study was designed to prepare an oral anti-rabies vaccine in the form of baits to eliminate the disease in free-roaming dogs and subsequently protect humans fr...

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Autores principales: Aly, Naglaa I., Elnaker, Yasser F., Salama, Zeinab T. S., Diab, Mohamed S., Saber, Eman A., Sotohy, Sotohy A., Elfeil, Wael K., Khodeir, Mohamed H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Veterinary World 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9210852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35765489
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1383-1390
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author Aly, Naglaa I.
Elnaker, Yasser F.
Salama, Zeinab T. S.
Diab, Mohamed S.
Saber, Eman A.
Sotohy, Sotohy A.
Elfeil, Wael K.
Khodeir, Mohamed H.
author_facet Aly, Naglaa I.
Elnaker, Yasser F.
Salama, Zeinab T. S.
Diab, Mohamed S.
Saber, Eman A.
Sotohy, Sotohy A.
Elfeil, Wael K.
Khodeir, Mohamed H.
author_sort Aly, Naglaa I.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND AIM: Rabies is considered a highly fatal zoonotic disease and many deaths in humans have been associated with dog bites. This study was designed to prepare an oral anti-rabies vaccine in the form of baits to eliminate the disease in free-roaming dogs and subsequently protect humans from dog bites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Evelyn Rokintniki Abelseth (ERA) rabies virus strain was propagated in baby hamster kidney cell cultures and adjusted to the recommended dose for application. Four forms of oral baits were employed with the rabies vaccine, which was evaluated for safety, acceptability, and potency in different dog groups. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the serum neutralization test (SNT) were used to determine the protective rabies antibody titer in the sera of vaccinated dogs. RESULTS: According to the results, a dose of 3 mL of the ERA strain, containing a viral titer of 10(7.6) TCID(50)/mL, induced a mean antibody titer of 25.6 by SNT, and the PI% was 75.7 by Block ELISA, providing a protective level of the rabies antibody in 100% of vaccinated dogs. All used baits were found to be safe, inducing no abnormal general post-vaccination signs (the signs are limited to mild fever, mild loss of appetite, and mild-to-moderate loss of energy for 24-36 h after vaccination). CONCLUSION: It was found that most of the accepted and highly potent bait types consisted of a mixture of wheat flour, vegetable oil, sodium alginate, corn starch, meat meal, cellulose gum, and water. This dog meal was covered with bran and edible wax to seal the bait cavity after inserting the vaccine sachet. This bait was able to induce a protective level of rabies antibodies in 100% of vaccinated dogs after receiving one bait/dog. Hence, such a bait could be recommended for use in the protection of free-roaming dogs and the elimination of the disease.
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spelling pubmed-92108522022-06-27 Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies Aly, Naglaa I. Elnaker, Yasser F. Salama, Zeinab T. S. Diab, Mohamed S. Saber, Eman A. Sotohy, Sotohy A. Elfeil, Wael K. Khodeir, Mohamed H. Vet World Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: Rabies is considered a highly fatal zoonotic disease and many deaths in humans have been associated with dog bites. This study was designed to prepare an oral anti-rabies vaccine in the form of baits to eliminate the disease in free-roaming dogs and subsequently protect humans from dog bites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Evelyn Rokintniki Abelseth (ERA) rabies virus strain was propagated in baby hamster kidney cell cultures and adjusted to the recommended dose for application. Four forms of oral baits were employed with the rabies vaccine, which was evaluated for safety, acceptability, and potency in different dog groups. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the serum neutralization test (SNT) were used to determine the protective rabies antibody titer in the sera of vaccinated dogs. RESULTS: According to the results, a dose of 3 mL of the ERA strain, containing a viral titer of 10(7.6) TCID(50)/mL, induced a mean antibody titer of 25.6 by SNT, and the PI% was 75.7 by Block ELISA, providing a protective level of the rabies antibody in 100% of vaccinated dogs. All used baits were found to be safe, inducing no abnormal general post-vaccination signs (the signs are limited to mild fever, mild loss of appetite, and mild-to-moderate loss of energy for 24-36 h after vaccination). CONCLUSION: It was found that most of the accepted and highly potent bait types consisted of a mixture of wheat flour, vegetable oil, sodium alginate, corn starch, meat meal, cellulose gum, and water. This dog meal was covered with bran and edible wax to seal the bait cavity after inserting the vaccine sachet. This bait was able to induce a protective level of rabies antibodies in 100% of vaccinated dogs after receiving one bait/dog. Hence, such a bait could be recommended for use in the protection of free-roaming dogs and the elimination of the disease. Veterinary World 2022-05 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9210852/ /pubmed/35765489 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1383-1390 Text en Copyright: © Aly, et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Aly, Naglaa I.
Elnaker, Yasser F.
Salama, Zeinab T. S.
Diab, Mohamed S.
Saber, Eman A.
Sotohy, Sotohy A.
Elfeil, Wael K.
Khodeir, Mohamed H.
Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies
title Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies
title_full Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies
title_fullStr Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies
title_full_unstemmed Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies
title_short Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies
title_sort preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9210852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35765489
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1383-1390
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