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Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic

INTRODUCTION: Due to Corona Virus disease -19, India saw a surge of mucormycosis cases, associated with high death rate. India, during the month of May to July 2021 saw a surge of mucormycosis from all states, with close to 50,000 cases just in a span of 3 months. OBJECTIVE: To examine the histopath...

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Autores principales: Ganesan, Nidhya, Sivanandam, Shanthakumari
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier GmbH. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9212773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35749915
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2022.153981
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author Ganesan, Nidhya
Sivanandam, Shanthakumari
author_facet Ganesan, Nidhya
Sivanandam, Shanthakumari
author_sort Ganesan, Nidhya
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Due to Corona Virus disease -19, India saw a surge of mucormycosis cases, associated with high death rate. India, during the month of May to July 2021 saw a surge of mucormycosis from all states, with close to 50,000 cases just in a span of 3 months. OBJECTIVE: To examine the histopathological appearances of rhino-orbital/rhino-maxillary/sino-nasal mucormycosis in the backdrop of the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved analysis of 60 biopsy samples of suspected rhino-maxillary /rhino-orbital mucormycosis received from post-COVID-19 patients. A preliminary review of the slides showing hyphal forms of fungal organisms with un-doubtful tissue / mucosal invasion was included. All samples were examined under Hematoxylin and Eosin stains along with special fungal stains. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically. Special stains for fungus namely Periodic Acidic Schiff (PAS) and Gomori Methenamine silver (GMS) were utilized to confirm and/or to differentiate the fungal organisms and to highlight the cell wall of the fungus. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with mucormycosis was 51.68 years and 72 (83.33%) of them were males. Acute type of inflammation was noted in 44 (73.33%), granulomatous inflammation in 14 (23.33%) of cases. Bony invasion and perineural invasion was observed in 5 (8.33%) and 55 (91.67%) cases, respectively. The dominant fungus were mucorales in 58 (96.67%), aspergillous, along with mucorales in 12 (20%) and combination of mucorales and candida identified in 8 (13.33%) cases. CONCLUSION: Besides all the histological appearance of angioinvasion, bone, and soft tissue invasion, a notable aspect was the shift in inflammatory pattern, which was more granulomatous in nature, with a decrease in fungal load correlating with the drop of COVID second wave. This proves that as immunity develops, the host's response to secondary opportunistic infections changes.
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spelling pubmed-92127732022-06-22 Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic Ganesan, Nidhya Sivanandam, Shanthakumari Pathol Res Pract Article INTRODUCTION: Due to Corona Virus disease -19, India saw a surge of mucormycosis cases, associated with high death rate. India, during the month of May to July 2021 saw a surge of mucormycosis from all states, with close to 50,000 cases just in a span of 3 months. OBJECTIVE: To examine the histopathological appearances of rhino-orbital/rhino-maxillary/sino-nasal mucormycosis in the backdrop of the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved analysis of 60 biopsy samples of suspected rhino-maxillary /rhino-orbital mucormycosis received from post-COVID-19 patients. A preliminary review of the slides showing hyphal forms of fungal organisms with un-doubtful tissue / mucosal invasion was included. All samples were examined under Hematoxylin and Eosin stains along with special fungal stains. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically. Special stains for fungus namely Periodic Acidic Schiff (PAS) and Gomori Methenamine silver (GMS) were utilized to confirm and/or to differentiate the fungal organisms and to highlight the cell wall of the fungus. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with mucormycosis was 51.68 years and 72 (83.33%) of them were males. Acute type of inflammation was noted in 44 (73.33%), granulomatous inflammation in 14 (23.33%) of cases. Bony invasion and perineural invasion was observed in 5 (8.33%) and 55 (91.67%) cases, respectively. The dominant fungus were mucorales in 58 (96.67%), aspergillous, along with mucorales in 12 (20%) and combination of mucorales and candida identified in 8 (13.33%) cases. CONCLUSION: Besides all the histological appearance of angioinvasion, bone, and soft tissue invasion, a notable aspect was the shift in inflammatory pattern, which was more granulomatous in nature, with a decrease in fungal load correlating with the drop of COVID second wave. This proves that as immunity develops, the host's response to secondary opportunistic infections changes. Elsevier GmbH. 2022-08 2022-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9212773/ /pubmed/35749915 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2022.153981 Text en © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Ganesan, Nidhya
Sivanandam, Shanthakumari
Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic
title Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic
title_full Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic
title_fullStr Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic
title_short Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic
title_sort histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of covid-19 pandemic
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9212773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35749915
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2022.153981
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