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Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control

Harnessing the potential of optogenetics in biology requires methodologies from different disciplines ranging from biology, to mechatronics engineering, to control engineering. Light stimulation of a synthetic optogenetic construct in a given biological species can only be achieved via a suitable li...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kumar, Sant, Khammash, Mustafa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9213687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35757811
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.918917
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author Kumar, Sant
Khammash, Mustafa
author_facet Kumar, Sant
Khammash, Mustafa
author_sort Kumar, Sant
collection PubMed
description Harnessing the potential of optogenetics in biology requires methodologies from different disciplines ranging from biology, to mechatronics engineering, to control engineering. Light stimulation of a synthetic optogenetic construct in a given biological species can only be achieved via a suitable light stimulation platform. Emerging optogenetic applications entail a consistent, reproducible, and regulated delivery of light adapted to the application requirement. In this review, we explore the evolution of light-induction hardware-software platforms from simple illumination set-ups to sophisticated microscopy, microtiter plate and bioreactor designs, and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. Here, we examine design approaches followed in performing optogenetic experiments spanning different cell types and culture volumes, with induction capabilities ranging from single cell stimulation to entire cell culture illumination. The development of automated measurement and stimulation schemes on these platforms has enabled researchers to implement various in silico feedback control strategies to achieve computer-controlled living systems—a theme we briefly discuss in the last part of this review.
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spelling pubmed-92136872022-06-23 Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control Kumar, Sant Khammash, Mustafa Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Harnessing the potential of optogenetics in biology requires methodologies from different disciplines ranging from biology, to mechatronics engineering, to control engineering. Light stimulation of a synthetic optogenetic construct in a given biological species can only be achieved via a suitable light stimulation platform. Emerging optogenetic applications entail a consistent, reproducible, and regulated delivery of light adapted to the application requirement. In this review, we explore the evolution of light-induction hardware-software platforms from simple illumination set-ups to sophisticated microscopy, microtiter plate and bioreactor designs, and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. Here, we examine design approaches followed in performing optogenetic experiments spanning different cell types and culture volumes, with induction capabilities ranging from single cell stimulation to entire cell culture illumination. The development of automated measurement and stimulation schemes on these platforms has enabled researchers to implement various in silico feedback control strategies to achieve computer-controlled living systems—a theme we briefly discuss in the last part of this review. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9213687/ /pubmed/35757811 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.918917 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kumar and Khammash. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Kumar, Sant
Khammash, Mustafa
Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control
title Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control
title_full Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control
title_fullStr Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control
title_full_unstemmed Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control
title_short Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control
title_sort platforms for optogenetic stimulation and feedback control
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9213687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35757811
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.918917
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