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CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection

Enteric viruses, including numerous viruses that initiate infection in enteric canal, are recognized as important agents that cause wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, depending on the virus type. They are mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route with several vector such as contaminated water or foo...

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Autores principales: Hirano, Junki, Murakami, Kosuke, Hayashi, Tsuyoshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9213734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35755450
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgeed.2022.888878
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author Hirano, Junki
Murakami, Kosuke
Hayashi, Tsuyoshi
author_facet Hirano, Junki
Murakami, Kosuke
Hayashi, Tsuyoshi
author_sort Hirano, Junki
collection PubMed
description Enteric viruses, including numerous viruses that initiate infection in enteric canal, are recognized as important agents that cause wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, depending on the virus type. They are mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route with several vector such as contaminated water or food. Infections by enteric viruses, such as noroviruses and rotaviruses, frequently cause widespread acute gastroenteritis, leading to significant health and economic burdens and therefore remain a public health concern. Like other viruses, enteric viruses ‘‘hijack’’ certain host factors (so called pro-viral factors) for replication in infected cells, while escaping the host defense system by antagonizing host anti-viral factors. Identification(s) of these factors is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication and pathogenicity, which will aid the development of efficient antiviral strategies. Recently, the advancement of genome-editing technology, especially the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, has precipitated numerous breakthroughs across the field of virology, including enteric virus research. For instance, unbiased genome-wide screening employing the CRISPR-Cas9 system has successfully identified a number of previously unrecognized host factors associated with infection by clinically relevant enteric viruses. In this review, we briefly introduce the common techniques of the CRISPR-Cas9 system applied to virological studies and discuss the major findings using this system for studying enteric virus infection.
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spelling pubmed-92137342022-06-23 CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection Hirano, Junki Murakami, Kosuke Hayashi, Tsuyoshi Front Genome Ed Genome Editing Enteric viruses, including numerous viruses that initiate infection in enteric canal, are recognized as important agents that cause wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, depending on the virus type. They are mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route with several vector such as contaminated water or food. Infections by enteric viruses, such as noroviruses and rotaviruses, frequently cause widespread acute gastroenteritis, leading to significant health and economic burdens and therefore remain a public health concern. Like other viruses, enteric viruses ‘‘hijack’’ certain host factors (so called pro-viral factors) for replication in infected cells, while escaping the host defense system by antagonizing host anti-viral factors. Identification(s) of these factors is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication and pathogenicity, which will aid the development of efficient antiviral strategies. Recently, the advancement of genome-editing technology, especially the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, has precipitated numerous breakthroughs across the field of virology, including enteric virus research. For instance, unbiased genome-wide screening employing the CRISPR-Cas9 system has successfully identified a number of previously unrecognized host factors associated with infection by clinically relevant enteric viruses. In this review, we briefly introduce the common techniques of the CRISPR-Cas9 system applied to virological studies and discuss the major findings using this system for studying enteric virus infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9213734/ /pubmed/35755450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgeed.2022.888878 Text en Copyright © 2022 Hirano, Murakami and Hayashi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genome Editing
Hirano, Junki
Murakami, Kosuke
Hayashi, Tsuyoshi
CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection
title CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection
title_full CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection
title_fullStr CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection
title_short CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection
title_sort crispr-cas9-based technology for studying enteric virus infection
topic Genome Editing
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9213734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35755450
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgeed.2022.888878
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