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25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study are i) to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between clinically depressed individuals with insufficient treatment response and healthy controls and ii) to test the association between 25(OH)D levels and different affective disorder diagnoses (i.e., major d...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9216441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35755210 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100126 |
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author | Grudet, C. Lindqvist, D. Malm, J. Westrin, Å. Ventorp, F. |
author_facet | Grudet, C. Lindqvist, D. Malm, J. Westrin, Å. Ventorp, F. |
author_sort | Grudet, C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study are i) to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between clinically depressed individuals with insufficient treatment response and healthy controls and ii) to test the association between 25(OH)D levels and different affective disorder diagnoses (i.e., major depressive disorder (MDD) single episode, MDD recurrent episode, chronic MDD, and dysthymia), as well as grade of suicidal ideation. METHOD: We quantified serum 25(OH)D in 202 individuals with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) and 41 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) Edition (DSM-IV-TR). ANCOVA was used to test differences in mean 25(OH)levels between depressed and controls, adjusting for sex, age, smoking, sampling season, ethnicity, somatic illness, and body mass index (BMI). Binary logistic regression models were used to test the association between depression and 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS: Patients with difficult-to-treat depression had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D compared to healthy controls (ANCOVA, F = 4.89; p = 0.03). Thirty percent of the depressed patients were 25(OH)D deficient (<50 nmol/L) compared to 5% of the controls (Chi-squared test, χ(2) = 11.38; p < 0.01). The odds for being depressed decreased significantly with 17% per 10 nmol/L increase of 25(OH)D (Binary logistic regression, p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design of the study precludes any conclusions about causality. A large part of the patients took psychotropic drugs and/or had somatic illnesses, which might have affected the results. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study add to the body of evidence linking 25(OH)D deficiency and depression. Further investigations are warranted to better understand any clinical implications of this association. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9216441 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92164412022-06-24 25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression Grudet, C. Lindqvist, D. Malm, J. Westrin, Å. Ventorp, F. Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol Article OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study are i) to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between clinically depressed individuals with insufficient treatment response and healthy controls and ii) to test the association between 25(OH)D levels and different affective disorder diagnoses (i.e., major depressive disorder (MDD) single episode, MDD recurrent episode, chronic MDD, and dysthymia), as well as grade of suicidal ideation. METHOD: We quantified serum 25(OH)D in 202 individuals with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) and 41 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) Edition (DSM-IV-TR). ANCOVA was used to test differences in mean 25(OH)levels between depressed and controls, adjusting for sex, age, smoking, sampling season, ethnicity, somatic illness, and body mass index (BMI). Binary logistic regression models were used to test the association between depression and 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS: Patients with difficult-to-treat depression had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D compared to healthy controls (ANCOVA, F = 4.89; p = 0.03). Thirty percent of the depressed patients were 25(OH)D deficient (<50 nmol/L) compared to 5% of the controls (Chi-squared test, χ(2) = 11.38; p < 0.01). The odds for being depressed decreased significantly with 17% per 10 nmol/L increase of 25(OH)D (Binary logistic regression, p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design of the study precludes any conclusions about causality. A large part of the patients took psychotropic drugs and/or had somatic illnesses, which might have affected the results. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study add to the body of evidence linking 25(OH)D deficiency and depression. Further investigations are warranted to better understand any clinical implications of this association. Elsevier 2022-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9216441/ /pubmed/35755210 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100126 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Grudet, C. Lindqvist, D. Malm, J. Westrin, Å. Ventorp, F. 25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression |
title | 25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression |
title_full | 25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression |
title_fullStr | 25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression |
title_full_unstemmed | 25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression |
title_short | 25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression |
title_sort | 25(oh)d levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9216441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35755210 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100126 |
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