An epigenetic rheostat of experience: DNA methylation of OXTR as a mechanism of early life allostasis

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide hormone which is involved in regulation of social behavior, stress response, muscle contraction, and metabolism. Oxytocin signaling is dependent on its binding to the oxytocin receptor, coded for by the OXTR gene. Many studies have examined the role of epigenetic regulation of OXTR in neurological and behavioral outcomes in both humans and animal models. Here, we review these studies, critically analyze their findings in the context of oxytocin's role as an allostatic hormone, and provide suggestions for future research. We use OXTR as a model for how those in the field of psychoneuroendocrinology should perform epigenetic studies in order to maximize both biological relevance and potential for biomarker development.