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The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia
The origin of the medieval Black Death pandemic (ad 1346–1353) has been a topic of continuous investigation because of the pandemic’s extensive demographic impact and long-lasting consequences(1,2). Until now, the most debated archaeological evidence potentially associated with the pandemic’s initia...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9217749/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35705810 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04800-3 |
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author | Spyrou, Maria A. Musralina, Lyazzat Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido A. Kocher, Arthur Borbone, Pier-Giorgio Khartanovich, Valeri I. Buzhilova, Alexandra Djansugurova, Leyla Bos, Kirsten I. Kühnert, Denise Haak, Wolfgang Slavin, Philip Krause, Johannes |
author_facet | Spyrou, Maria A. Musralina, Lyazzat Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido A. Kocher, Arthur Borbone, Pier-Giorgio Khartanovich, Valeri I. Buzhilova, Alexandra Djansugurova, Leyla Bos, Kirsten I. Kühnert, Denise Haak, Wolfgang Slavin, Philip Krause, Johannes |
author_sort | Spyrou, Maria A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The origin of the medieval Black Death pandemic (ad 1346–1353) has been a topic of continuous investigation because of the pandemic’s extensive demographic impact and long-lasting consequences(1,2). Until now, the most debated archaeological evidence potentially associated with the pandemic’s initiation derives from cemeteries located near Lake Issyk-Kul of modern-day Kyrgyzstan(1,3–9). These sites are thought to have housed victims of a fourteenth-century epidemic as tombstone inscriptions directly dated to 1338–1339 state ‘pestilence’ as the cause of death for the buried individuals(9). Here we report ancient DNA data from seven individuals exhumed from two of these cemeteries, Kara-Djigach and Burana. Our synthesis of archaeological, historical and ancient genomic data shows a clear involvement of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis in this epidemic event. Two reconstructed ancient Y. pestis genomes represent a single strain and are identified as the most recent common ancestor of a major diversification commonly associated with the pandemic’s emergence, here dated to the first half of the fourteenth century. Comparisons with present-day diversity from Y. pestis reservoirs in the extended Tian Shan region support a local emergence of the recovered ancient strain. Through multiple lines of evidence, our data support an early fourteenth-century source of the second plague pandemic in central Eurasia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9217749 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92177492022-06-24 The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia Spyrou, Maria A. Musralina, Lyazzat Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido A. Kocher, Arthur Borbone, Pier-Giorgio Khartanovich, Valeri I. Buzhilova, Alexandra Djansugurova, Leyla Bos, Kirsten I. Kühnert, Denise Haak, Wolfgang Slavin, Philip Krause, Johannes Nature Article The origin of the medieval Black Death pandemic (ad 1346–1353) has been a topic of continuous investigation because of the pandemic’s extensive demographic impact and long-lasting consequences(1,2). Until now, the most debated archaeological evidence potentially associated with the pandemic’s initiation derives from cemeteries located near Lake Issyk-Kul of modern-day Kyrgyzstan(1,3–9). These sites are thought to have housed victims of a fourteenth-century epidemic as tombstone inscriptions directly dated to 1338–1339 state ‘pestilence’ as the cause of death for the buried individuals(9). Here we report ancient DNA data from seven individuals exhumed from two of these cemeteries, Kara-Djigach and Burana. Our synthesis of archaeological, historical and ancient genomic data shows a clear involvement of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis in this epidemic event. Two reconstructed ancient Y. pestis genomes represent a single strain and are identified as the most recent common ancestor of a major diversification commonly associated with the pandemic’s emergence, here dated to the first half of the fourteenth century. Comparisons with present-day diversity from Y. pestis reservoirs in the extended Tian Shan region support a local emergence of the recovered ancient strain. Through multiple lines of evidence, our data support an early fourteenth-century source of the second plague pandemic in central Eurasia. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-06-15 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9217749/ /pubmed/35705810 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04800-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Spyrou, Maria A. Musralina, Lyazzat Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido A. Kocher, Arthur Borbone, Pier-Giorgio Khartanovich, Valeri I. Buzhilova, Alexandra Djansugurova, Leyla Bos, Kirsten I. Kühnert, Denise Haak, Wolfgang Slavin, Philip Krause, Johannes The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia |
title | The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia |
title_full | The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia |
title_fullStr | The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia |
title_full_unstemmed | The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia |
title_short | The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia |
title_sort | source of the black death in fourteenth-century central eurasia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9217749/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35705810 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04800-3 |
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