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Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market
BACKGROUND/AIM: As recommended by WHO, breastfeeding is the best choice and safe for infants. The formula for infants plays an imperative role in the infant's diet and remains an excellent alternative for breast milk. The milk formula for most infants has been increasingly changed with various...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9218625/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35757243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.851229 |
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author | Alfaris, Nora A. Alothman, Zeid A. Aldayel, Tahany S. Wabaidur, Saikh M. Altamimi, Jozaa Z. |
author_facet | Alfaris, Nora A. Alothman, Zeid A. Aldayel, Tahany S. Wabaidur, Saikh M. Altamimi, Jozaa Z. |
author_sort | Alfaris, Nora A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND/AIM: As recommended by WHO, breastfeeding is the best choice and safe for infants. The formula for infants plays an imperative role in the infant's diet and remains an excellent alternative for breast milk. The milk formula for most infants has been increasingly changed with various compositions to create a similar breast milk production. This study aims to analyze and determine the chemical composition of a few milk formulas available in the Saudi Arabian market. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five milk formula samples for infants of different age categories were collected from Riyadh City and analyzed for protein, fat, carbohydrates, lactose, total solids, total non-fat solids, calcium, iron, and zinc. Among batches collected, there were 15 branded products suitable for those of age 0–6 months, five for those of age 0–12 months, four for those of age 1–3 years, and 11 for those of age 6–12 months. RESULTS: For infants, the milk formula sample parameters investigated varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05). A significantly high protein value was 22.72% for a brand for infants with an age of 0–6 months, and the lowest was 11.31% for a brand for those of age 0–12 months. Fat content was high in a brand (26.92%) for infants of age 0–6 months and low in a brand (17.31%) for those aged 6–12 months. The high value of carbohydrates was found in a brand (60.64%) for those of age 0–6 months and a low one (44.97%) in a brand for those of age 0–12 months. The total energy, lactose, total solids, total non-fat solids, and minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) varied between milk formulas at the same age. CONCLUSION: There were significant variations between milk formulas of the same ages. According to age groups, some nutrients were not identical to the reference values for children's food. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9218625 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92186252022-06-24 Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market Alfaris, Nora A. Alothman, Zeid A. Aldayel, Tahany S. Wabaidur, Saikh M. Altamimi, Jozaa Z. Front Nutr Nutrition BACKGROUND/AIM: As recommended by WHO, breastfeeding is the best choice and safe for infants. The formula for infants plays an imperative role in the infant's diet and remains an excellent alternative for breast milk. The milk formula for most infants has been increasingly changed with various compositions to create a similar breast milk production. This study aims to analyze and determine the chemical composition of a few milk formulas available in the Saudi Arabian market. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five milk formula samples for infants of different age categories were collected from Riyadh City and analyzed for protein, fat, carbohydrates, lactose, total solids, total non-fat solids, calcium, iron, and zinc. Among batches collected, there were 15 branded products suitable for those of age 0–6 months, five for those of age 0–12 months, four for those of age 1–3 years, and 11 for those of age 6–12 months. RESULTS: For infants, the milk formula sample parameters investigated varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05). A significantly high protein value was 22.72% for a brand for infants with an age of 0–6 months, and the lowest was 11.31% for a brand for those of age 0–12 months. Fat content was high in a brand (26.92%) for infants of age 0–6 months and low in a brand (17.31%) for those aged 6–12 months. The high value of carbohydrates was found in a brand (60.64%) for those of age 0–6 months and a low one (44.97%) in a brand for those of age 0–12 months. The total energy, lactose, total solids, total non-fat solids, and minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) varied between milk formulas at the same age. CONCLUSION: There were significant variations between milk formulas of the same ages. According to age groups, some nutrients were not identical to the reference values for children's food. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9218625/ /pubmed/35757243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.851229 Text en Copyright © 2022 Alfaris, Alothman, Aldayel, Wabaidur and Altamimi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Alfaris, Nora A. Alothman, Zeid A. Aldayel, Tahany S. Wabaidur, Saikh M. Altamimi, Jozaa Z. Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market |
title | Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market |
title_full | Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market |
title_fullStr | Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market |
title_short | Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market |
title_sort | evaluation and comparison of the nutritional and mineral content of milk formula in the saudi arabia market |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9218625/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35757243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.851229 |
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