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The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies

Music is believed to aid the implementation of emotion regulation strategies like distraction or reappraisal, but empirical studies have shown null results. However, the moderating role of one’s relation with music (musical sophistication) and/or executive functioning skills has not been considered...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Carvalho, Mariana, Cera, Nicoletta, Silva, Susana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9219814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35735409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12060199
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author Carvalho, Mariana
Cera, Nicoletta
Silva, Susana
author_facet Carvalho, Mariana
Cera, Nicoletta
Silva, Susana
author_sort Carvalho, Mariana
collection PubMed
description Music is believed to aid the implementation of emotion regulation strategies like distraction or reappraisal, but empirical studies have shown null results. However, the moderating role of one’s relation with music (musical sophistication) and/or executive functioning skills has not been considered yet. In addition, little is known about how music acts. In the present study, we induced anger in a group of participants characterized by musical sophistication and executive functioning. We asked them to regulate their emotional state and measured regulation efficacy. Participants were split into four groups, defined by regulation strategy (distraction vs. reappraisal) and music (with vs. without). Results indicated music effects in higher, but not in lower musical sophistication participants. In the former, music benefitted from reappraisal but was an impaired distraction. Two different executive functions—working memory and affective flexibility—had opposite effects: higher, but not lower working memory participants benefited from music; lower, but not higher, effective flexibility participants took advantage of music. Reports of subjective experience suggested that music favors more empathic reappraisals, and that these may be more long-lasting. Our findings support the idea that music effects depend on listeners’ characteristics, and they raise new hypotheses concerning the specificity of emotional regulation aided by music.
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spelling pubmed-92198142022-06-24 The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies Carvalho, Mariana Cera, Nicoletta Silva, Susana Behav Sci (Basel) Article Music is believed to aid the implementation of emotion regulation strategies like distraction or reappraisal, but empirical studies have shown null results. However, the moderating role of one’s relation with music (musical sophistication) and/or executive functioning skills has not been considered yet. In addition, little is known about how music acts. In the present study, we induced anger in a group of participants characterized by musical sophistication and executive functioning. We asked them to regulate their emotional state and measured regulation efficacy. Participants were split into four groups, defined by regulation strategy (distraction vs. reappraisal) and music (with vs. without). Results indicated music effects in higher, but not in lower musical sophistication participants. In the former, music benefitted from reappraisal but was an impaired distraction. Two different executive functions—working memory and affective flexibility—had opposite effects: higher, but not lower working memory participants benefited from music; lower, but not higher, effective flexibility participants took advantage of music. Reports of subjective experience suggested that music favors more empathic reappraisals, and that these may be more long-lasting. Our findings support the idea that music effects depend on listeners’ characteristics, and they raise new hypotheses concerning the specificity of emotional regulation aided by music. MDPI 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9219814/ /pubmed/35735409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12060199 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Carvalho, Mariana
Cera, Nicoletta
Silva, Susana
The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies
title The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies
title_full The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies
title_fullStr The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies
title_full_unstemmed The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies
title_short The “Ifs” and “Hows” of the Role of Music on the Implementation of Emotional Regulation Strategies
title_sort “ifs” and “hows” of the role of music on the implementation of emotional regulation strategies
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9219814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35735409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12060199
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