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Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public
Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) has become considerably common in developing countries, which is a critical factor for driving antibiotic resistance. Individuals involved in SMA generally do not have adequate knowledge regarding the appropriate use, indications and dosage of these drugs. The...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9219843/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35740201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060795 |
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author | Aslam, Adeel Zin, Che Suraya Jamshed, Shazia Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Ab Ahmed, Syed Imran Pallós, Péter Gajdács, Márió |
author_facet | Aslam, Adeel Zin, Che Suraya Jamshed, Shazia Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Ab Ahmed, Syed Imran Pallós, Péter Gajdács, Márió |
author_sort | Aslam, Adeel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) has become considerably common in developing countries, which is a critical factor for driving antibiotic resistance. Individuals involved in SMA generally do not have adequate knowledge regarding the appropriate use, indications and dosage of these drugs. The objective of the present study was to investigate population SMA practices, knowledge and sociodemographic factors associated with SMA in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study adopted a cross-sectional methodology and data collection was performed through an anonymous, structured and pilot-tested questionnaire, which was interview-administered. Inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Out of 480 participants, 55.6% (n = 267) were male with a mean age of 37.1 ± 10.1 years; the total prevalence of SMA was 32.5%. Ciprofloxacin (42.9%) was the most commonly used antibiotic to treat coughs or colds, a runny nose, flu or sore throat, diarrhea or fevers, which were relevant reasons for SMA. Findings from multivariate logistic regression showed that predictors of SMA were: male gender (95% CI: 0.383–1.005), age (95% CI: 0.317–0.953) and highest level of education (95% CI: 0.961–0.649). Despite reasonable access to healthcare facilities, people are still obtaining antibiotics without prescription, bypassing diagnostic and consultative healthcare services. Thus, the government must implement strict healthcare policies to restrict the sale of antibiotics without prescriptions, while at the same time, targeted public awareness campaigns about the proper use of antibiotics are also required. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9219843 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92198432022-06-24 Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public Aslam, Adeel Zin, Che Suraya Jamshed, Shazia Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Ab Ahmed, Syed Imran Pallós, Péter Gajdács, Márió Antibiotics (Basel) Article Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) has become considerably common in developing countries, which is a critical factor for driving antibiotic resistance. Individuals involved in SMA generally do not have adequate knowledge regarding the appropriate use, indications and dosage of these drugs. The objective of the present study was to investigate population SMA practices, knowledge and sociodemographic factors associated with SMA in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study adopted a cross-sectional methodology and data collection was performed through an anonymous, structured and pilot-tested questionnaire, which was interview-administered. Inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Out of 480 participants, 55.6% (n = 267) were male with a mean age of 37.1 ± 10.1 years; the total prevalence of SMA was 32.5%. Ciprofloxacin (42.9%) was the most commonly used antibiotic to treat coughs or colds, a runny nose, flu or sore throat, diarrhea or fevers, which were relevant reasons for SMA. Findings from multivariate logistic regression showed that predictors of SMA were: male gender (95% CI: 0.383–1.005), age (95% CI: 0.317–0.953) and highest level of education (95% CI: 0.961–0.649). Despite reasonable access to healthcare facilities, people are still obtaining antibiotics without prescription, bypassing diagnostic and consultative healthcare services. Thus, the government must implement strict healthcare policies to restrict the sale of antibiotics without prescriptions, while at the same time, targeted public awareness campaigns about the proper use of antibiotics are also required. MDPI 2022-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9219843/ /pubmed/35740201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060795 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Aslam, Adeel Zin, Che Suraya Jamshed, Shazia Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Ab Ahmed, Syed Imran Pallós, Péter Gajdács, Márió Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public |
title | Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public |
title_full | Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public |
title_fullStr | Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public |
title_full_unstemmed | Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public |
title_short | Self-Medication with Antibiotics: Prevalence, Practices and Related Factors among the Pakistani Public |
title_sort | self-medication with antibiotics: prevalence, practices and related factors among the pakistani public |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9219843/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35740201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060795 |
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