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Comparison of Transcriptional Signatures of Three Staphylococcal Superantigenic Toxins in Human Melanocytes
Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium, causes toxic shock through the production of superantigenic toxins (sAgs) known as Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), serotypes A-J (SEA, SEB, etc.), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). The chronology of host transcriptomic events that characte...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9219963/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35740423 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061402 |
Sumario: | Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium, causes toxic shock through the production of superantigenic toxins (sAgs) known as Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), serotypes A-J (SEA, SEB, etc.), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). The chronology of host transcriptomic events that characterizes the response to the pathogenesis of superantigenic toxicity remains uncertain. The focus of this study was to elucidate time-resolved host responses to three toxins of the superantigenic family, namely SEA, SEB, and TSST-1. Due to the evolving critical role of melanocytes in the host’s immune response against environmental harmful elements, we investigated herein the transcriptomic responses of melanocytes after treatment with 200 ng/mL of SEA, SEB, or TSST-1 for 0.5, 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Functional analysis indicated that each of these three toxins induced a specific transcriptional pattern. In particular, the time-resolved transcriptional modulations due to SEB exposure were very distinct from those induced by SEA and TSST-1. The three superantigens share some similarities in the mechanisms underlying apoptosis, innate immunity, and other biological processes. Superantigen-specific signatures were determined for the functional dynamics related to necrosis, cytokine production, and acute-phase response. These differentially regulated networks can be targeted for therapeutic intervention and marked as the distinguishing factors for the three sAgs. |
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