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Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses associated with tissue remodelling, dysfunction of the sinuses’ natural defence mechanisms, and induction of different inflammatory clusters. The etiopathogenesis of CRS remains elusive, and both envi...

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Autores principales: Shaghayegh, Gohar, Cooksley, Clare, Ramezanpour, Mahnaz, Wormald, Peter-John, Psaltis, Alkis James, Vreugde, Sarah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9220248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35740385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061362
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author Shaghayegh, Gohar
Cooksley, Clare
Ramezanpour, Mahnaz
Wormald, Peter-John
Psaltis, Alkis James
Vreugde, Sarah
author_facet Shaghayegh, Gohar
Cooksley, Clare
Ramezanpour, Mahnaz
Wormald, Peter-John
Psaltis, Alkis James
Vreugde, Sarah
author_sort Shaghayegh, Gohar
collection PubMed
description Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses associated with tissue remodelling, dysfunction of the sinuses’ natural defence mechanisms, and induction of different inflammatory clusters. The etiopathogenesis of CRS remains elusive, and both environmental factors, such as bacterial biofilms and the host’s general condition, are thought to play a role. Bacterial biofilms have significant clinical relevance due to their potential to cause resistance to antimicrobial therapy and host defenses. Despite substantial medical advances, some CRS patients suffer from recalcitrant disease that is unresponsive to medical and surgical treatments. Those patients often have nasal polyps with tissue eosinophilia, S. aureus-dominant mucosal biofilm, comorbid asthma, and a severely compromised quality of life. This review aims to summarise the contemporary knowledge of inflammatory cells/pathways in CRS, the role of bacterial biofilm, and their impact on the severity of the disease. Here, an emphasis is placed on S. aureus biofilm and its secreted products. A better understanding of these factors might offer important diagnostic and therapeutic perceptions for recalcitrant disease.
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spelling pubmed-92202482022-06-24 Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity Shaghayegh, Gohar Cooksley, Clare Ramezanpour, Mahnaz Wormald, Peter-John Psaltis, Alkis James Vreugde, Sarah Biomedicines Review Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses associated with tissue remodelling, dysfunction of the sinuses’ natural defence mechanisms, and induction of different inflammatory clusters. The etiopathogenesis of CRS remains elusive, and both environmental factors, such as bacterial biofilms and the host’s general condition, are thought to play a role. Bacterial biofilms have significant clinical relevance due to their potential to cause resistance to antimicrobial therapy and host defenses. Despite substantial medical advances, some CRS patients suffer from recalcitrant disease that is unresponsive to medical and surgical treatments. Those patients often have nasal polyps with tissue eosinophilia, S. aureus-dominant mucosal biofilm, comorbid asthma, and a severely compromised quality of life. This review aims to summarise the contemporary knowledge of inflammatory cells/pathways in CRS, the role of bacterial biofilm, and their impact on the severity of the disease. Here, an emphasis is placed on S. aureus biofilm and its secreted products. A better understanding of these factors might offer important diagnostic and therapeutic perceptions for recalcitrant disease. MDPI 2022-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9220248/ /pubmed/35740385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061362 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Shaghayegh, Gohar
Cooksley, Clare
Ramezanpour, Mahnaz
Wormald, Peter-John
Psaltis, Alkis James
Vreugde, Sarah
Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity
title Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity
title_full Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity
title_fullStr Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity
title_full_unstemmed Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity
title_short Chronic Rhinosinusitis, S. aureus Biofilm and Secreted Products, Inflammatory Responses, and Disease Severity
title_sort chronic rhinosinusitis, s. aureus biofilm and secreted products, inflammatory responses, and disease severity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9220248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35740385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061362
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