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Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions associated with the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and characterized by somatic and neuropsychological alterations. On the other hand, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a multifaceted neurobehavioral syndrome. S...

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Autores principales: Carpita, Barbara, Migli, Lavinia, Chiarantini, Ilaria, Battaglini, Simone, Montalbano, Clara, Carmassi, Claudia, Cremone, Ivan Mirko, Dell’Osso, Liliana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9221419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35741677
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060792
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author Carpita, Barbara
Migli, Lavinia
Chiarantini, Ilaria
Battaglini, Simone
Montalbano, Clara
Carmassi, Claudia
Cremone, Ivan Mirko
Dell’Osso, Liliana
author_facet Carpita, Barbara
Migli, Lavinia
Chiarantini, Ilaria
Battaglini, Simone
Montalbano, Clara
Carmassi, Claudia
Cremone, Ivan Mirko
Dell’Osso, Liliana
author_sort Carpita, Barbara
collection PubMed
description Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions associated with the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and characterized by somatic and neuropsychological alterations. On the other hand, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a multifaceted neurobehavioral syndrome. Since alcohol can affect every stage of brain development, some authors hypothesized that in utero alcohol exposure might be linked to an increased risk of ASD in subjects with genetic vulnerability. The present review aimed to summarize the available literature on the possible association between FASD and ASD, also focusing on the reported clinical overlaps and on the possible shared pathogenic mechanisms. Studies in this field have stressed similarities and differences between the two conditions, leading to controversial results. The available literature also highlighted that both the disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, stressing the need to broaden the perspective, paying specific attention to milder presentations and sub-syndromic traits.
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spelling pubmed-92214192022-06-24 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review Carpita, Barbara Migli, Lavinia Chiarantini, Ilaria Battaglini, Simone Montalbano, Clara Carmassi, Claudia Cremone, Ivan Mirko Dell’Osso, Liliana Brain Sci Review Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions associated with the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and characterized by somatic and neuropsychological alterations. On the other hand, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a multifaceted neurobehavioral syndrome. Since alcohol can affect every stage of brain development, some authors hypothesized that in utero alcohol exposure might be linked to an increased risk of ASD in subjects with genetic vulnerability. The present review aimed to summarize the available literature on the possible association between FASD and ASD, also focusing on the reported clinical overlaps and on the possible shared pathogenic mechanisms. Studies in this field have stressed similarities and differences between the two conditions, leading to controversial results. The available literature also highlighted that both the disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, stressing the need to broaden the perspective, paying specific attention to milder presentations and sub-syndromic traits. MDPI 2022-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9221419/ /pubmed/35741677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060792 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Carpita, Barbara
Migli, Lavinia
Chiarantini, Ilaria
Battaglini, Simone
Montalbano, Clara
Carmassi, Claudia
Cremone, Ivan Mirko
Dell’Osso, Liliana
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
title Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
title_full Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
title_fullStr Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
title_short Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
title_sort autism spectrum disorder and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a literature review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9221419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35741677
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060792
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