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Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs
A ring oscillator is a well-known circuit used for generating random numbers, and interested readers can find many research results concerning the evaluation of the randomness with a packaged test suit. However, the authors think there is room for evaluating the unpredictability of a sequence from a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9222413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35741501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060780 |
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author | Kodera, Yuta Sato, Ryoichi Ali, Md. Arshad Kusaka, Takuya Nogami, Yasuyuki |
author_facet | Kodera, Yuta Sato, Ryoichi Ali, Md. Arshad Kusaka, Takuya Nogami, Yasuyuki |
author_sort | Kodera, Yuta |
collection | PubMed |
description | A ring oscillator is a well-known circuit used for generating random numbers, and interested readers can find many research results concerning the evaluation of the randomness with a packaged test suit. However, the authors think there is room for evaluating the unpredictability of a sequence from another viewpoint. In this paper, the authors focus on Wold’s RO-based generator and propose a statistical test to numerically evaluate the randomness of the RO-based generator. The test adopts the state transition probabilities in a Markov process and is designed to check the uniformity of the probabilities based on hypothesis testing. As a result, it is found that the RO-based generator yields a biased output from the viewpoint of the transition probability if the number of ROs is small. More precisely, the transitions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] happen frequently when the number l of ROs is less than or equal to 10. In this sense, [Formula: see text] is recommended for use in any application, though a packaged test suit is passed. Thus, the authors believe that the proposed test contributes to evaluating the unpredictability of a sequence when used together with available statistical test suits, such as NIST SP800-22. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9222413 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92224132022-06-24 Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs Kodera, Yuta Sato, Ryoichi Ali, Md. Arshad Kusaka, Takuya Nogami, Yasuyuki Entropy (Basel) Article A ring oscillator is a well-known circuit used for generating random numbers, and interested readers can find many research results concerning the evaluation of the randomness with a packaged test suit. However, the authors think there is room for evaluating the unpredictability of a sequence from another viewpoint. In this paper, the authors focus on Wold’s RO-based generator and propose a statistical test to numerically evaluate the randomness of the RO-based generator. The test adopts the state transition probabilities in a Markov process and is designed to check the uniformity of the probabilities based on hypothesis testing. As a result, it is found that the RO-based generator yields a biased output from the viewpoint of the transition probability if the number of ROs is small. More precisely, the transitions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] happen frequently when the number l of ROs is less than or equal to 10. In this sense, [Formula: see text] is recommended for use in any application, though a packaged test suit is passed. Thus, the authors believe that the proposed test contributes to evaluating the unpredictability of a sequence when used together with available statistical test suits, such as NIST SP800-22. MDPI 2022-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9222413/ /pubmed/35741501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060780 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kodera, Yuta Sato, Ryoichi Ali, Md. Arshad Kusaka, Takuya Nogami, Yasuyuki Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs |
title | Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs |
title_full | Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs |
title_fullStr | Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs |
title_full_unstemmed | Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs |
title_short | Transition Probability Test for an RO-Based Generator and the Relevance between the Randomness and the Number of ROs |
title_sort | transition probability test for an ro-based generator and the relevance between the randomness and the number of ros |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9222413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35741501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060780 |
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