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HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review

This scoping review aims to explore the interplay between substance use (SU) and HIV in Latin America (LA). Database searches yielded 3481 references; 196 were included. HIV prevalence among people who used substances (PWUS) ranged from 2.8–15.2%. SU definitions were variable throughout studies, and...

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Autores principales: Huff, Hanalise V., Carcamo, Paloma M., Diaz, Monica M., Conklin, Jamie L., Salvatierra, Justina, Aponte, Rocio, Garcia, Patricia J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9222977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35742448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127198
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author Huff, Hanalise V.
Carcamo, Paloma M.
Diaz, Monica M.
Conklin, Jamie L.
Salvatierra, Justina
Aponte, Rocio
Garcia, Patricia J.
author_facet Huff, Hanalise V.
Carcamo, Paloma M.
Diaz, Monica M.
Conklin, Jamie L.
Salvatierra, Justina
Aponte, Rocio
Garcia, Patricia J.
author_sort Huff, Hanalise V.
collection PubMed
description This scoping review aims to explore the interplay between substance use (SU) and HIV in Latin America (LA). Database searches yielded 3481 references; 196 were included. HIV prevalence among people who used substances (PWUS) ranged from 2.8–15.2%. SU definitions were variable throughout studies, and thus data were not easily comparable. In 2019, only 2% of new HIV infections were attributed to injection drug use (IDU) in LA. Factors associated with HIV among PWUS included being female, IDU and homelessness, and PWUS were likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors, start antiretroviral treatment late, have poor adherence, have treatment failure, be lost to follow-up, have comorbidities, and experience higher mortality rates and lower quality of life, as has been reported in PLWH with SU in other regions. Five intervention studies were identified, and only one was effective at reducing HIV incidence in PWUS. Interventions in other regions have varying success depending on context-specific characteristics, highlighting the need to conduct more research in the LA region. Though progress has been made in establishing SU as a major concern in people living with HIV (PLWH), much more is yet to be done to reduce the burden of HIV and SU in LA.
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spelling pubmed-92229772022-06-24 HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review Huff, Hanalise V. Carcamo, Paloma M. Diaz, Monica M. Conklin, Jamie L. Salvatierra, Justina Aponte, Rocio Garcia, Patricia J. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review This scoping review aims to explore the interplay between substance use (SU) and HIV in Latin America (LA). Database searches yielded 3481 references; 196 were included. HIV prevalence among people who used substances (PWUS) ranged from 2.8–15.2%. SU definitions were variable throughout studies, and thus data were not easily comparable. In 2019, only 2% of new HIV infections were attributed to injection drug use (IDU) in LA. Factors associated with HIV among PWUS included being female, IDU and homelessness, and PWUS were likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors, start antiretroviral treatment late, have poor adherence, have treatment failure, be lost to follow-up, have comorbidities, and experience higher mortality rates and lower quality of life, as has been reported in PLWH with SU in other regions. Five intervention studies were identified, and only one was effective at reducing HIV incidence in PWUS. Interventions in other regions have varying success depending on context-specific characteristics, highlighting the need to conduct more research in the LA region. Though progress has been made in establishing SU as a major concern in people living with HIV (PLWH), much more is yet to be done to reduce the burden of HIV and SU in LA. MDPI 2022-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9222977/ /pubmed/35742448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127198 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Huff, Hanalise V.
Carcamo, Paloma M.
Diaz, Monica M.
Conklin, Jamie L.
Salvatierra, Justina
Aponte, Rocio
Garcia, Patricia J.
HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review
title HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review
title_full HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review
title_short HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review
title_sort hiv and substance use in latin america: a scoping review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9222977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35742448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127198
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