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Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations

There is currently no consensus among researchers on the optimal level of fluoride for human growth and health. As drinking water is not the sole source of fluoride for humans, and fluoride can be found in many food sources, this work aimed to determine the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis...

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Autores principales: Strużycka, Izabela, Olszewska, Aneta, Bogusławska-Kapała, Agnieszka, Hryhorowicz, Szymon, Kaczmarek-Ryś, Marta, Grabarek, Beniamin Oskar, Staszkiewicz, Rafał, Kuciel-Polczak, Izabela, Czajka-Jakubowska, Agata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35742396
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127153
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author Strużycka, Izabela
Olszewska, Aneta
Bogusławska-Kapała, Agnieszka
Hryhorowicz, Szymon
Kaczmarek-Ryś, Marta
Grabarek, Beniamin Oskar
Staszkiewicz, Rafał
Kuciel-Polczak, Izabela
Czajka-Jakubowska, Agata
author_facet Strużycka, Izabela
Olszewska, Aneta
Bogusławska-Kapała, Agnieszka
Hryhorowicz, Szymon
Kaczmarek-Ryś, Marta
Grabarek, Beniamin Oskar
Staszkiewicz, Rafał
Kuciel-Polczak, Izabela
Czajka-Jakubowska, Agata
author_sort Strużycka, Izabela
collection PubMed
description There is currently no consensus among researchers on the optimal level of fluoride for human growth and health. As drinking water is not the sole source of fluoride for humans, and fluoride can be found in many food sources, this work aimed to determine the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis in Poland, in areas where a low fluoride content characterizes the drinking water, and to assess the impact of fluoride on the enamel composition and microstructure. The dental examination involved 696 patients (aged 15–25 years) who had since birth lived in areas where the fluoride concentration in drinking water did not exceed 0.25 mg/L. The severity of the condition was evaluated using the Dean’s Index. Both healthy teeth and teeth with varying degrees of fluorosis underwent laboratory tests designed to assess the total protein and fluoride content of the enamel. Protein amount was assessed spectrophotometrically while the level of fluoride ions was measured by DX-120 ion chromatography. The clinical study revealed 89 cases (12.8%) of dental fluorosis of varying severity. The enamel of teeth with mild and moderate fluorosis contained a significantly higher protein (p-value < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) and fluoride level (p < 0.001) than those with no clinical signs of fluorosis. SEM images showed irregularities in the structure of the fluorotic enamel. An excessive fluoride level during amelogenesis leads to adverse changes in the chemical composition of tooth enamel and its structure. Moreover, dental fluorosis present in areas where drinking water is low in fluorides indicates a need to monitor the supply of fluoride from other possible sources, regardless of its content in the water.
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spelling pubmed-92230382022-06-24 Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations Strużycka, Izabela Olszewska, Aneta Bogusławska-Kapała, Agnieszka Hryhorowicz, Szymon Kaczmarek-Ryś, Marta Grabarek, Beniamin Oskar Staszkiewicz, Rafał Kuciel-Polczak, Izabela Czajka-Jakubowska, Agata Int J Environ Res Public Health Article There is currently no consensus among researchers on the optimal level of fluoride for human growth and health. As drinking water is not the sole source of fluoride for humans, and fluoride can be found in many food sources, this work aimed to determine the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis in Poland, in areas where a low fluoride content characterizes the drinking water, and to assess the impact of fluoride on the enamel composition and microstructure. The dental examination involved 696 patients (aged 15–25 years) who had since birth lived in areas where the fluoride concentration in drinking water did not exceed 0.25 mg/L. The severity of the condition was evaluated using the Dean’s Index. Both healthy teeth and teeth with varying degrees of fluorosis underwent laboratory tests designed to assess the total protein and fluoride content of the enamel. Protein amount was assessed spectrophotometrically while the level of fluoride ions was measured by DX-120 ion chromatography. The clinical study revealed 89 cases (12.8%) of dental fluorosis of varying severity. The enamel of teeth with mild and moderate fluorosis contained a significantly higher protein (p-value < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) and fluoride level (p < 0.001) than those with no clinical signs of fluorosis. SEM images showed irregularities in the structure of the fluorotic enamel. An excessive fluoride level during amelogenesis leads to adverse changes in the chemical composition of tooth enamel and its structure. Moreover, dental fluorosis present in areas where drinking water is low in fluorides indicates a need to monitor the supply of fluoride from other possible sources, regardless of its content in the water. MDPI 2022-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9223038/ /pubmed/35742396 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127153 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Strużycka, Izabela
Olszewska, Aneta
Bogusławska-Kapała, Agnieszka
Hryhorowicz, Szymon
Kaczmarek-Ryś, Marta
Grabarek, Beniamin Oskar
Staszkiewicz, Rafał
Kuciel-Polczak, Izabela
Czajka-Jakubowska, Agata
Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations
title Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations
title_full Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations
title_fullStr Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations
title_short Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations
title_sort assessing fluorosis incidence in areas with low fluoride content in the drinking water, fluorotic enamel architecture, and composition alterations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35742396
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127153
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