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The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between smoking, long-term brain atrophy, and clinical disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear. Here, we assessed long-term effects of smoking by evaluating MRI and clinical outcome measures after 10 years in smoking and nonsmoking p...

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Autores principales: Lie, Ingrid Anne, Wesnes, Kristin, Kvistad, Silje S., Brouwer, Iman, Wergeland, Stig, Holmøy, Trygve, Midgard, Rune, Bru, Alla, Edland, Astrid, Eikeland, Randi, Gosal, Sonia, Harbo, Hanne F., Kleveland, Grethe, Sørenes, Yvonne S., Øksendal, Nina, Barkhof, Frederik, Vrenken, Hugo, Myhr, Kjell-Morten, Bø, Lars, Torkildsen, Øivind
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35738901
http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200008
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author Lie, Ingrid Anne
Wesnes, Kristin
Kvistad, Silje S.
Brouwer, Iman
Wergeland, Stig
Holmøy, Trygve
Midgard, Rune
Bru, Alla
Edland, Astrid
Eikeland, Randi
Gosal, Sonia
Harbo, Hanne F.
Kleveland, Grethe
Sørenes, Yvonne S.
Øksendal, Nina
Barkhof, Frederik
Vrenken, Hugo
Myhr, Kjell-Morten
Bø, Lars
Torkildsen, Øivind
author_facet Lie, Ingrid Anne
Wesnes, Kristin
Kvistad, Silje S.
Brouwer, Iman
Wergeland, Stig
Holmøy, Trygve
Midgard, Rune
Bru, Alla
Edland, Astrid
Eikeland, Randi
Gosal, Sonia
Harbo, Hanne F.
Kleveland, Grethe
Sørenes, Yvonne S.
Øksendal, Nina
Barkhof, Frederik
Vrenken, Hugo
Myhr, Kjell-Morten
Bø, Lars
Torkildsen, Øivind
author_sort Lie, Ingrid Anne
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between smoking, long-term brain atrophy, and clinical disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear. Here, we assessed long-term effects of smoking by evaluating MRI and clinical outcome measures after 10 years in smoking and nonsmoking patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS: We included 85 treatment-naive patients with RRMS with recent inflammatory disease activity who participated in a 10-year follow-up visit after a multicenter clinical trial of 24 months. Smoking status was decided for each patient by 2 separate definitions: by serum cotinine levels measured regularly for the first 2 years of the follow-up (during the clinical trial) and by retrospective patient self-reporting. At the 10-year follow-up visit, clinical tests were repeated, and brain atrophy measures were obtained from MRI using FreeSurfer. Differences in clinical and MRI measurements at the 10-year follow-up between smokers and nonsmokers were investigated by 2-sample t tests or Mann-Whitney tests and linear mixed-effect regression models. All analyses were conducted separately for each definition of smoking status. RESULTS: After 10 years, smoking (defined by serum cotinine levels) was associated with lower total white matter volume (β = −21.74, p = 0.039) and higher logT2 lesion volume (β = 0.22, p = 0.011). When defining smoking status by patient self-reporting, the repeated analyses found an additional association with lower deep gray matter volume (β = −2.35, p = 0.049), and smoking was also associated with a higher score (higher walking impairment) on the log timed 25-foot walk test (β = 0.050, p = 0.039) after 10 years and a larger decrease in paced auditory serial addition test (attention) scores (β = −3.58, p = 0.029). DISCUSSION: Smoking was associated with brain atrophy and disability progression 10 years later in patients with RRMS. The findings imply that patients should be advised and offered aid in smoking cessation shortly after diagnosis, to prevent long-term disability progression.
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spelling pubmed-92234322022-06-24 The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Lie, Ingrid Anne Wesnes, Kristin Kvistad, Silje S. Brouwer, Iman Wergeland, Stig Holmøy, Trygve Midgard, Rune Bru, Alla Edland, Astrid Eikeland, Randi Gosal, Sonia Harbo, Hanne F. Kleveland, Grethe Sørenes, Yvonne S. Øksendal, Nina Barkhof, Frederik Vrenken, Hugo Myhr, Kjell-Morten Bø, Lars Torkildsen, Øivind Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Research Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between smoking, long-term brain atrophy, and clinical disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear. Here, we assessed long-term effects of smoking by evaluating MRI and clinical outcome measures after 10 years in smoking and nonsmoking patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS: We included 85 treatment-naive patients with RRMS with recent inflammatory disease activity who participated in a 10-year follow-up visit after a multicenter clinical trial of 24 months. Smoking status was decided for each patient by 2 separate definitions: by serum cotinine levels measured regularly for the first 2 years of the follow-up (during the clinical trial) and by retrospective patient self-reporting. At the 10-year follow-up visit, clinical tests were repeated, and brain atrophy measures were obtained from MRI using FreeSurfer. Differences in clinical and MRI measurements at the 10-year follow-up between smokers and nonsmokers were investigated by 2-sample t tests or Mann-Whitney tests and linear mixed-effect regression models. All analyses were conducted separately for each definition of smoking status. RESULTS: After 10 years, smoking (defined by serum cotinine levels) was associated with lower total white matter volume (β = −21.74, p = 0.039) and higher logT2 lesion volume (β = 0.22, p = 0.011). When defining smoking status by patient self-reporting, the repeated analyses found an additional association with lower deep gray matter volume (β = −2.35, p = 0.049), and smoking was also associated with a higher score (higher walking impairment) on the log timed 25-foot walk test (β = 0.050, p = 0.039) after 10 years and a larger decrease in paced auditory serial addition test (attention) scores (β = −3.58, p = 0.029). DISCUSSION: Smoking was associated with brain atrophy and disability progression 10 years later in patients with RRMS. The findings imply that patients should be advised and offered aid in smoking cessation shortly after diagnosis, to prevent long-term disability progression. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9223432/ /pubmed/35738901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200008 Text en Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
spellingShingle Research Article
Lie, Ingrid Anne
Wesnes, Kristin
Kvistad, Silje S.
Brouwer, Iman
Wergeland, Stig
Holmøy, Trygve
Midgard, Rune
Bru, Alla
Edland, Astrid
Eikeland, Randi
Gosal, Sonia
Harbo, Hanne F.
Kleveland, Grethe
Sørenes, Yvonne S.
Øksendal, Nina
Barkhof, Frederik
Vrenken, Hugo
Myhr, Kjell-Morten
Bø, Lars
Torkildsen, Øivind
The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
title The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
title_full The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
title_fullStr The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
title_short The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
title_sort effect of smoking on long-term gray matter atrophy and clinical disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9223432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35738901
http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200008
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